高塚古墳時代의 蓮山洞古墳群

Abstract

After the conquest of Goguryeo, the union of the former Gaya collapsed through a quarter of a century, and Yeongnam area experienced a great change. The latter Gaya such as Ara(Haman), Dara(Hapcheon), Bihua(Changnyeng) and Gara(Goryeong) was established along the Nak-dong river with ascending. The powerful small nations around Gyeongju area such as Apdok were established at this time. The wooden chamber tomb with stone mound was constructed in Gyeongju, and Gyengju seized hegemony of Yeongnam area with constructing the Hwuangnam great tomb. From this moment, the ‘centre and periphery’ relation centred on Gyeongju in Yeongnam area was formed. However, it should not be limited as the political relation. A tomb with a gigantic mound was not constructed from the beginning of the nations of the latter Gaya. This tomb appeared at the same time – the latter part of the third quarter of the 5th century in this area and it was stimulated by constructing the Hwuangnam great tomb. The tomb of a ruler of Gara that was established late in this area had a gigantic mound from the beginning. The tomb with a gigantic mound accepted as a ruler’s tomb in Yeongnam area was independent by region and it symbolized ruler’s authority of each nation. Thus it could be called ‘the period of an ancient tomb with a gigantic mound’. A ruler who constructed this tomb in each nation governed people with exercising own autonomous right, right of ancestral rites and diplomatic right. The end of this period was represented by the archaeological phenomenon such as ‘extinction of this tomb and its burial ground’, ‘movement of the burial ground and emergence of the new type tomb of Silla’ or ‘change to gravegoods of Silla, burial of the latter style pottery’ related with the expansion of Silla. Yeonsan-Dong tombs should be a representative example. After the conquest of Goguryeo, 86_ the Pokchon-dong group of Busan adapted to the new age environment and led the development of Yeongnam area for short time. However, this motivity integrated into Silla soon, but it kept its own tradition. The rulers of Yeonsan-Dong tombs started with a tomb with a gigantic mound inherited the right of sovereignty of Pokchon-dong. It should be postulated the movement of the burial ground of rulers. The archaeologic data of Yeonsan-Dong tombs shows same situation with the small nations of Gaya established along Nakdong river in its contents and distribution. As a result, extinction of the political organization of Busan should be the moment of the end of the construction of a tomb with a gigantic mound in Yeonsan-Dong. It corresponds to time of before and after fall of Geumguan nation.