新羅 積石木槨墓의 殉葬

Abstract

Burial of the living with the dead is an important cultural phenomenon that continued from the ancient society as a form of funeral system. Tombs for the burial of the living with the dead were confirmed extensively mostly in the Gaya territory and numerous studies have been conducted on the concepts and setting of the types of the burial of the living with the dead, and the changes in the formats of the burial of the living with the dead for each of the era in the history, etc. However, there are many difficulties in pursuing studies on the burial of the living with the dead in the stone compiled wooden chamber tomb in the Silla territory, in Gyeongju in particular, including the issue of determining the tombs for the burial of the living with the dead. This is because the structural characteristics of the burial system of the stone compiled wooden chamber tomb have not been assessed sufficiently and properly to enable the approach to the burial of the living with the dead in Silla territory by using the traditional methodology of determining whether the living had been buried with the dead through the examination of the space in which the living person buried with the dead has been placed in and the artifacts left with such a person. Accordingly, in this study, the aspects of the burial of the living with the dead in the tomb with chamber mounted by stone were presumed through the understanding of the current status and the tasks of the research on the tomb with chamber mounted by stone burial of the living with the dead, and restoration of the structure of the burial facility for the tomb with chamber mounted by stone. As the result, it was confirmed that the types of the burial of the living with the dead in the tomb with coffin mounted by stone could be classified largely into 3 categories, namely, chamber, platform and chamber+platform burials of the living with the dead. Unlike the perception thus far, it was not possible to present the images of the burial of the living with the dead within the district at all and it is determined that all the relics confirmed to be related to the living person buried with the dead in the surrounding area have fallen on top of the wooden chamber. Meanwhile, such type of each of these burials of the living with the dead exactly reflected the hierarchy of the dead buried. Expansion of the vertical and horizontal burial space for the living person buried with the dead is the evidence of such illustration of the hierarchy of the tomb for the burial of the living with the dead, which is further supported by the scale of the wooden chamber, quantity and quality of the relics excavated, and the scale of the burial mound, etc. As such, a clear hierarchy among the tombs for burial of the living with the dead was confirmed in this manner. In the case of chamber tomb for burial of the living with the dead presumed to have buried at least 1 living person, it should be noted that its hierarchy among all the tombs with chambers mounted by stones is not that high. Based on the scale of the burial mound and the quantity and quality of the relics excavated, it can be presumed to be a tomb of an aristocrat within the capital city at the least. This indicates that the range of the tomb for burial of the living with the dead within the society for the construction of stone compiled wooden chamber tomb in Gyeongju was quite wide. Lastly, it is currently not possible to conclude whether the culture for the burial of the living with the dead was abolished at once or sustained for substantial period of time in a reduced extent for in comparison to the past following the implementation of the prohibition of burial of the living with the dead by the order of the king in the 3rdyear of the reign of King Gijeung(502AD). However, at around this time in history, there is clear trend of the reduction in the scale of the wooden chambers and burial mounds, reduction in the scale and simplification of funerals ceremonies including extinction of auxiliary chamber, etc. Accordingly, it can be understood that the order for the prohibition of burial of the living with the dead is also associate with such trend in the burial culture at the time.