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종교가 자살 생각에 미치는 영향: 종교 믿음 체계는 보호요인인가, 위험요인인가?

The Effect of Religion on Suicidal Ideation: Is the "Belief System of Religion” a Protective Factor or a Risk Factor?

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초록

본 연구는 종교가 자살생각에 미치는 영향에서 종교 믿음 체계(사후에 대한 믿음, 천국에 대한 믿음, 지옥에 대한 믿음, 종교적 가치에 대한 믿음, 조상의 초자연적 힘에 대한 믿음)에 초점을 맞추었다. 이를 위해 2018년 <한국종합사회조사, KGSS> 자료를 활용하여 순서형로지스틱모형과 이항로지스틱모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 첫째, 참석 빈도와 믿음의 정도를 고려한 모든 종교 유형은 무종교인에 비해 ‘사후세계에 대한 믿음’, ‘천국(극락)에 대한 믿음’, ‘지옥에 대한 믿음’, ‘종교적 가치에 대한 믿음’ 등이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 ‘조상의 초자연적 힘에 대한 믿음’에서는 불교 신봉자와 (일부) 천주교 신봉자만이 무종교 신자보다 높았고, 믿음의 정도를 고려한 모형에서는 무종교인이 참석 빈도가 높은 개신교 신자보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 한국의 유교적 속성과 개신교가 대립하면서 개신교 자체의 종교 문화를 지니고 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 종교가 자살생각에 미치는 영향에 대한 종교 믿음 체계를 투입하면 모든 종교 유형은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 또한 ‘천국(극락)에 대한 믿음’은 자살생각을 예방하는 보호요인으로 나타나지만, ‘지옥에 대한 믿음’은 오히려 자살생각을 증가시키는 위험요인으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study focused on the belief system of religion (belief in the afterlife, belief in heaven, belief in hell, faith in religious values, and belief in the supernatural power of ancestors) and the influence of religion on suicidal ideation. To this end, the analysis results were examined using the Ordered Logistic Model and Binomial Logistic Model using the 2018 <Korea General Social Survey, KGSS> data. The analysis results showed that first, all religious types considering the frequency of attendance and the degree of belief were higher in “belief in the afterlife,” “belief in heaven,” “belief in hell,” and “belief in religious values” than non-religious people. However, in “belief in the supernatural power of ancestors,” only Buddhists and (some) Catholic believers were higher than non-religious believers, and in the model considering religious beliefs, non-religious believers were higher than Protestant believers who attended more frequently. These results show that Korea’s Confucian attributes and Protestantism stand on the opposite side. Second, controlling the religious belief system in the influence of religion on suicidal ideation, all religious types were not statistically significant. In addition, “belief in heaven” consistently appears as a protective factor to prevent suicidal ideation, but “belief in hell” is a risk factor for increasing suicidal ideation.

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