中国式的辩诉交易:认罪认罚从宽制度
Chinese-Style Plea Bargain: the System of Leniency on Admission of Guilty and Acceptence of Punishment
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从我国刑事诉讼制度体系改革而言，与突出“疑案精审”的以审判为中心制度改革相配套，认罪认罚从宽制度改革试点主要体现“简案快审”的追求，以期节约司法资源、提高诉讼效率、减少诉讼成本、降低诉讼风险与及时实现司法公正，实现审判资源的优化配置。认罪认罚从宽制度自身也体现了被指控者的“认罪认罚”自主意愿与国家的“从宽从简”制度供给之间的利益博弈。一方面，以认罪为前提，根据案情的轻重程度，被告人可以自主选择速裁程序、简易程序、普通程序简化审等不同从简程序。另一方面，与自愿如实供述有关的自首、坦白以及当庭认罪等量刑情节配套了具体的“从宽”细则和规范。进而言之，集中体现控诉方和犯罪嫌疑人双方的认罪、程序选择和量刑合意的“认罪认罚具结书”，要在听取辩护人和值班律师意见之后以及在其在场见证之下签署，这可能会融合被害人的同意和谅解因素。此外，法院还要对认罪的自愿、真实性和合法性进行审查从我国刑事诉讼制度体系改革而言，与突出“疑案精审”的以审判为中心制度改革相配套，认罪认罚从宽制度改革试点主要体现“简案快审”的追求，以期节约司法资源、提高诉讼效率、减少诉讼成本、降低诉讼风险与及时实现司法公正，实现审判资源的优化配置。认罪认罚从宽制度自身也体现了被指控者的“认罪认罚”自主意愿与国家的“从宽从简”制度供给之间的利益博弈。一方面，以认罪为前提，根据案情的轻重程度，被告人可以自主选择速裁程序、简易程序、普通程序简化审等不同从简程序。另一方面，与自愿如实供述有关的自首、坦白以及当庭认罪等量刑情节配套了具体的“从宽”细则和规范。进而言之，集中体现控诉方和犯罪嫌疑人双方的认罪、程序选择和量刑合意的“认罪认罚具结书”，要在听取辩护人和值班律师意见之后以及在其在场见证之下签署，这可能会融合被害人的同意和谅解因素。此外，法院还要对认罪的自愿、真实性和合法性进行审查。
Abstract
Among the criminal procedure system reform in China, matching with stress on the refined trial of hard case by trial-centered system reform, the pilot reform of the system of leniency on plea of guilty and acceptence of punishment mainly reflects the pursuit of quick trial of easy case, so as to save the judicial resources, improve lawsuit efficiency, reduce costs, drop the risk of failure to prosecution and timely implement justice, to achieve the optimal allocation of judicial resources. the system of leniency itself also reflects the game of the interests between the autonomy of the accused person(s) by voluntary confession, acceptence of punishment and national supply of simpler system, more lenient punishment.On the one hand, on the premise of confession, according to the severity of the case, the accused may choose different simple procedures such as speedy adjudication process, the summary procedure and simplified ordinary procedure. On the other hand, the sentencing plots related to truthful guilt’s admission such as voluntarily surrenders, confession, and pleas of guilty in court are specified by rules and norms in detail degree of leniency.Moreover, the “affidavit of guilty pleas and punishment acceptence” epitomizing consensus of charges and conviction, procedure selection and sentencing from both sides should sign after listen to counsel and the duty lawyer’s opinion and under their presence, this may merge the factor of victim’s consent and understanding. In addition, the court should review the voluntariness, authenticity and legitimacy of the pleas of guilty.
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