1951년 난민지위협약상 박해사유에 대한 고찰
A Study on the Reasons for Persecution under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
1
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
1951년 난민지위협약 및 1967년 난민지위의정서의 당사국인 우리나라는 출입국관리법에 의해 동 협약 및 의정서상의 난민개념을 그대로 국내법체계에 수용하였다. 2001년도부터 난민지위를 본격적으로 인정하기 시작하였고 또 최근에는 그 신청인이 급격히 늘어나고 관련판례도 상응하여 다수 등장하고 있음에도 불구하고, 난민의 구체적인 개념에 대한 본격적인 국내연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 난민지위협약상 난민개념의 구성요소 중 난민이 아닌 ‘경제적 이주민’과의 구별에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 박해의 사유 5가지, 즉 ‘인종, 종교, 국적, 특정 사회집단의 구성원 신분, 정치적 의견’에 대해 차례대로 고찰한다. 특히 ‘특정 사회집단의 구성원 신분’과 같은 박해사유는 반세기전 채택된 난민지위협약의 시대적 한계를 극복하고 새롭게 발전하는 국제인권법의 내용을 적극 반영하여 새로운 난민현상에 능동적으로 대처하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다는 점에서 더욱 주목할 만하다. 또한 본 논문은 이러한 박해사유의 해석에 있어서 유의할 점을 몇 가지 지적하고 있는데, 그 중에서도 실제의 사유만이 아니라 전가된 사유도 빈번히 존재한다는 점을 유념할 필요가 있다. 즉, 실제로 관련 박해사유가 존재하느냐 안하느냐 하는 여부보다도 박해를 가하는 측이 그것을 어떻게 바라보고 있는지, 즉 박해자의 관점이 박해사유의 존부판단에서 중요한 기준으로 작용한다는 점이다. 이 글에서 분석한 난민지위협약상 박해사유와 함께 난민개념의 기타 구성요소들의 법적 함의를 충분히 숙지하고 또 그러한 난민개념을 전체적으로 균형잡힌 시각에서 조화롭게 적용한다면 우리나라의 난민인정관행은 더욱 정확하고 바람직한 결과들로 채워질 것이다.
Abstract
Since 1992 when Korea acceded to both the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereof, the definition of 'refugee' as stipulated in the two binding instruments has been applied in Korea through the incorporation of the definition into its Immigration Control Act. Whereas there appear increasing numbers of refugee status applicants and related case law (including several judgments of the Supreme Court last year), there has been little detailed research on the very basic concept of 'refugee' itself. In this context, this study examines one of the core elements of the refugee concept, that is 'the reasons for persecution', which can be an important criterion for distinguishing 'refugees' from 'economic migrants'. The 'reasons' are expressly enumerated in the Article 1 of the 1951 Convention: 'race', 'religion', 'nationality', 'membership of a particular social group' and 'political opinion'. This research basically deals with all of them in order, but the ground of 'membership of a particular social group' is worthy of more attention than others because it may complement the outdated 1951 definition by way of adoption of the new developments of international human rights law since more than fifty years ago. After the respective analyses of the five reasons, this article discusses some points of attention in terms of interpreting the element of the refugee concept. Among them, the existence of not only 'actual' reasons but also 'imputed' reasons may well be emphasised. Although this research focuses on just one of elements of the refugee concept, in actual cases of refugee status determination all the other elements should also be considered together properly in a 'balanced, integrated and holistic' way, naturally based on the right understanding of the respective elements of the refugee definition.
참고문헌 (15)
- 조정현, "‘Republikflucht(국가탈출죄)’의 법리 및 탈북자문제에의 적용", 서울국제법연구, 15(2), pp.191~215 (2008), 서울국제법연구원
- Beyani, Chaloka, "Introduction in The Refugee Convention, 1951: The Travaux Preparatoires Analysed, with a Commentary by the late Dr Paul Weis" (1995), Cambridge University Press
- The trafficking of women for sexual exploitation: a gender-based and well-founded fear of persecution?, "Demir, Jenna Shearer", UNHCR, ~, pp.No. 80 (2003)
- Feller, Erika, "Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR’s Global Consultations on International Protection" (2003), Cambridge University Press
- Fullerton, Maryellen, "The International and National Protection of Refugees, in Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 3rd ed" (1999), Transnational Publishers
- Goodwin-Gill, Guy S, "The Refugee in International Law, 3rd ed" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Hathaway, James C, "The Law of Refugee Status" (1991), Butterworths
- Piotrowicz, Ryszard, "The UNHCR’s Guidelines on Human Trafficking", International Journal of Refugee Law, 20(2) (2008)
- Plender, Richard, "International Migration Law, Revised 2nd ed" (1988), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
- UNHCR, "Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees", UN Doc, ~ (1992), HCR[DOI]
- UNHCR, "The International Protection of Refugees: Interpreting Article 1 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees", ~ (2001)
- UNHCR, "Guidelines on International Protection: Gender-Related Persecution within the ontext of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and", or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, 2002[DOI]
- UNHCR, "Guidelines on International Protection: “Membership of a particular social group” within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and", or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, 2002[DOI]
- UNHCR, "Guidelines on International Protection: Religion-Based Refugee Claims under Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and", or the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, GIP, pp.04, 06[DOI]
- UNHCR, "Guidelines on International Protection: The application of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and", or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees to victims of trafficking and persons at risk of being trafficked, 2006[DOI]