ICJ 판례상 自認의 증명력
The Probative Value of “Admission against Interest” in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ
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초록
ICJ규정이나 법원규칙에는 이른바 ‘자인(自認)’이 명시되어 있지 않으며, 현행 법원규칙제49조(2)에 재판상 자백이 규정되어 있을 뿐이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 ICJ에 회부된 일련의사건에서 소송 당사국들은 자국의 주장사실을 입증하기 위해 자인에 해당한다고 주장한상대방의 진술을 원용해 왔으며, ICJ도 그 가운데 자인에 해당하는 것은 증거로 취급해 왔다. ICJ의 판례에 따르면, 자인은 일방 당사국의 특정 주장사실을 시인하는 상대방의 재판외 진술을 가리키며, 일방 당사국의 주장사실 중 어느 것을 시인했는지가 특정되지 않았거나 정치적 성격의 선언에 불과한 진술 등은 자인에 해당하지 않는 것으로 보인다. ICJ는자인에 특별한 증명력을 인정해 왔다. ICJ의 판례에 따르면, 자인은 반대의 증거보다 우월한 신빙성을 가지는 것으로 추정되며 그것이 동시대의 증거이거나 사법절차의 산물이라면이 추정은 더욱 견고할 것이다.
Abstract
The Statute of the International Court of Justice(“ICJ”) does not contain any provision that expressly deals with the so-called “admission against interest”, nor the Rules of Court, although the latter stipulates, in Article 49, paragraph 2, that a Counter-Memorial shall contain an admission or denial of the facts stated in the Memorial. Nevertheless, States have relied on alleged admissions in cases brought before the ICJ and the Court has taken genuine admissions as evidence. The jurisprudence of the Court seems to indicate that an admission against interest refers only to an out-of-court statement acknowledging the specific facts alleged by the other party. In light of the relevant case law, an admission against interest may be regarded as prima facie of superior credibility to the items of evidence to the contrary, and more so if the admission has been obtained by examination of persons directly involved and who were subsequently cross-examined by judges.
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