사이버 공격으로부터 첨단 교통 시스템 보호 – 관련 입법례를 중심으로 –
Protection of Advanced Transportation Systems from Cyberattacks : Focusing on Relevant Legislative Examples
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첨단 교통 차량이 점점 더 자동화되고 상호 연결성이 심화되는 것에 비례하여 그에 따른 사이버 침해 위험도 증가한다. 만일 해커 등이 첨단차량의 사이버 보안 취약성을 악용하는 경우 야기될 수 있는 위험은 탑승자의 불편이나 사소한 주행 방해에서부터 탑승자와 차량 외부인에 대한 생명의 위협까지 다양할 수 있다. 특히 해커가 차량의 가속, 감속, 제동장치, 조향장치를 무력화하거나 차량의 조향과 속도를 제어할 수 있는 능력을 가로챌 때 심각한 도로교통 위험을 초래할 수 있고 심지어는 차량을 테러 수단으로 악용할 수도 있다. 이 논문은 첨단 교통수단의 운행과 교통관리의 효율성 확보와 함께 사이버 위협에 대한 효과적 대응을 뒷받침하기 위하여 첨단 교통 차량과 그 시스템의 사이버 취약성과 사이버 위협 사례를 검토하고 국제규칙과 국제표준, EU, 미국 등의 입법 상황을 참조하여 바람직한 한국의 법 제도의 방향과 원칙을 모색하고자 한다.
Abstract
As advanced transportation vehicles become increasingly automated and interconnected, the threat of cyberattacks and disruption increases accordingly. If hackers and cyber attackers exploit cybersecurity vulnerabilities in advanced vehicles, the risks they could pose could range from inconvenience to occupants or minor disruption to the life of passengers and those outside the vehicle. In particular, it can pose a serious road traffic risk when hackers disable a vehicle's acceleration, deceleration, braking, and steering systems, or hijack the ability to control a vehicle's steering and speed. This hacked vehicle could even be used as a means of terrorism. In short, an effective response to cyber threats is needed along with ensuring the operation of cutting-edge transportation and the efficiency of its traffic management. This paper seeks to find the direction and principles of the desirable Korean legal system by reviewing cases of cyber vulnerabilities and cyber threats of advanced transportation vehicles and systems, and referring to international rules and standards, and legislative situations in the EU and the United States.
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