UAM의 도입 및 산업화를 위한 법·제도의 설계
Design of Laws and Systems for UAM Development and Industrialization
0
조회
0
다운로드
12
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
UAM은 대도시권 교통난 해소와 보다 빠른 운송의 목적으로 개발되는 새로운 교통체계이다. UAM과 같이 혁신적이고 문화 충격적 교통수단은 법과 제도로서 그 도입과 상업화를 촉진하는 것이 필요하다. 문제는 UAM의 도입과 산업화를 위한 입법에 UAM의 기술적 특성과 표준에 대한 정보가 거의 없다는 점과 정부가 이 새로운 교통수단에 대하여 추상적이고 관념적인 위험 판단에 따라 높은 수준의 선제적, 예방적, 안전 규제를 채택한다면 UAM 제도의 실현은 계속지연될 수밖에 없다는 점이다. 한국 정부는 신속하게 UAM의 도입 및 산업화를 위한 법적 과제를 파악하고 입법 수요에 따른 적절한 규칙을 마련하여야 한다. 국민의 일상생활과 직접 관련되고 안전과 환경 문제가 수반되는 획기적인 새 교통수단인 UAM의 개발과 사용화를 위해서는 가칭 ‘UAM 특별법’ 제정이 필요하다. 이 법은ICAO 중심의 국제항공법의 틀 안에서 미국과 EU의 규칙과 철저하게 조화되는 방식으로입법되어야 한다. ‘UAM 특별법’은 현재의 「드론법」을 폐지하고 UAM과 UAS의 통합법형태로 제정할 수도 있다고 생각된다. UAM 승인과 운영 전반에 걸쳐 기존의 규제적 규칙을 적용하는 대신, 업계가 주도적으로 규칙을 수립하되 국가의 핵심 이익과 관련된 국가 영공의 안전, 공역에 공평한 접근, 보안 등의 사항은 정부의 승인을 받도록 하는 규칙 제정 방식과 그 절차를 간소화하고 규2 홍익법학 제23권 제2호 (2022) 제적 규칙의 적용에 융통성을 부여하는 시장 친화적 접근방식이 필요하다. UAM의 사회 비용을 줄이기 위해서 초기 UAM 인프라 투자 비용을 최소화하는 방안을모색하여야 한다. 비용 절감과 함께 기존 교통망과의 연계라는 UAM의 효용을 제고하려면개발 단계의 UAM은 물론 기존 대중교통 체계의 설계에서도 효율적 연계가 고려되어야한다. 한국의 경우, eVTOL형을 주로 개발하더라도 장거리 운송이 가능하고 국내 산업 경쟁력이 있는, 수소전지 비행차량(특히 그 감항 능력 기술)의 개발도 함께 추진해야 한다. 또한, 한국은 개인 수요자의 다양한 선호에 더 부합할 수 있는 STOL형 또는 PAV 개발의 추진에주저해서는 안된다.
Abstract
UAM is one of the new transportation systems developed for the purpose of resolving traffic congestion in metropolitan areas and providing faster transportation. Innovative and culture-shocking means of transportation such as UAM are required to promote their introduction and commercialization by laws and systems. One of the two problems is that there is little information about the technical characteristics and standards of UAM required for the introduction and industrialization of UAM legislation. The other is that if the government adopts high-level preemptive, preventive, and safety regulations based on abstract and conceptual risk judgments for this new mode of transportation, the realization of the UAM system will continue to be delayed. The Korean government should quickly identify the legal tasks for the introduction and industrialization of UAM and prepare appropriate rules according to the legislative demands. In order to develop and use UAM, a groundbreaking new means of transportation that is directly related to people's daily life and is accompanied by safety and environmental issues, the so-called 'UAM Special Act' needs to be enacted. This law should be enacted in a way that is thoroughly harmonized with the rules of the United States and the EU within the framework of ICAO-centered international aviation law. It is thought that the ‘UAM Special Act’ may abolish the current drone law and enact it in the form of an integrated law with UAM and UAS. Instead of applying the existing regulatory rules throughout UAM approval and operation, the industry takes the initiative in establishing rules, but issues such as safety of national airspace, equitable access to airspace, and security related to the country’s core interests are subject to government approval. There is a need for a market-friendly approach that simplifies the rules-making process and provides flexibility in the application of regulatory rules. In order to reduce the social cost of UAM, it is necessary to find a way to minimize the initial UAM infrastructure investment cost. In order to reduce costs and improve the utility of UAM, such as connection with the existing transportation network, efficient connection should be considered in the design of the existing public transportation system as well as the UAM in the development stage. In the case of Korea, even if it develops an eVTOL type, it should also promote the development of hydrogen-cell air vehicles (especially its airworthiness technology) that Korea has competitiveness and can transport over long distances. Also, there is no reason for Korea to hesitate in promoting the development of STOL-type or PAV that can better meet the diverse preferences of individual consumers.
참고문헌 (36)
- 류병운, "국제법" (2019), 형설출판사
- 류병운, "자율주행자동차 사고의 법적 책임", 홍익법학, 19(1), pp.31~58 (2018), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 박원화, "항공우주법개론" (2013), 한국학술정보
- 송인옥, "드론 안전성 확보를 위한 한국-EU 비교법적 연구", 법학논집, 25(3), pp.53~92 (2021), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 안오성, "경제사회적 맥락에서, UAM 사업화 경쟁 현황과 전략적 대안 및 질문", 항공우주산업기술동향, 19(2) (2021)
- 도시의 하늘을 여는 한국형 도심항공교통(K-UAM) 로드맵, "안오성", 관계부처 합동, ~ (2020)
- "한국형 도심항공교통(K-UAM) 운용개념서(ConOps) 1.0", UAM Team Korea, ~ (2021)
- Adam Cohen, "Urban Air Mobility: Opportunities and Obstacles", International Encyclopedia of Transportation, 702 (2021)
- Aleksandar Bauranov, "Designing airspace for urban air mobility: A review of concepts and approaches", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 125, pp.1~ (2021)
- Adam Thierer, "The Internet of Things and Wearable Technology: Addressing Privacy and Security Concerns without Derailing Innovation", Rich. J.L. & Tech, 21, pp.6~ (2015)
- Bart Custers, "The Future of Drone Use Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives", ~ (2016)
- Urban Air Mobility Market Study, "Colleen Reiche", Transportation Sustainability Research Center, 150~163 (2018)
- Challenges and opportunities for autonomous systems in space, "C. R. Frost", NASA Ames Research Center, ~ (2010)
- Cristina Barrado, "U-Space Concept of Operations: A Key Enabler for Opening Airspace to Emerging Low-Altitude Operations", Aerospace, 7(3), pp.24~ (2020)
- David P. Thipphavong, "Urban Air Mobility Airspace Integration Concepts and Considerations", NASA, ~ (2018)
- EASA, "Proposed Means of Compliance with the Special Condition VTOL, MOC SC-VTOL (1) (25 May 2020); MOC SC-VTOL (2)", ~ (2021)
- EASA, "Special Condition for small-category VTOL aircraft, SC-VTOL-01", ~ (2019)
- EASA, "Special Condition for Small-Category Vertical Take-Offand Landing (VTOL) Aircraft", ~ (2019)
- Eric Mueller, "Enabling Airspace Integration for High-Density On-Demand Mobility Operations, Am. Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2017, at 3; Timothy M. Ravich, On-Demand Aviation: Governance Challenges of Urban Air Mobility ("UAM")", Penn St. L. Rev, 124, pp.657~ (2020)
- FAA, "Concept of Operations for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) (ConOps v. 1.0)", ~ (2020)
- F. D. Maia, "The state of the art and operational scenarios for urban air mobility with unmanned aircraft", Aeronautical Journal, 25(1288), pp.1034~ (2021)
- Kevin R. Antcliff, "Silicon Valley as an Early Adopter for On-Demand Civil VTOL Operations", American Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics (2016)
- Kyle Durch, "Electric Airplanes: Bridging The Technological And Regulatory Gap", Rich. J.L. & Tech, 27, pp.1~ (2021)
- Jenay M. Beer, "Toward a framework for levels of robot autonomy in human-robot interaction", J Hum Robot Interact, 3(2), pp.74~ (2014)
- M. Amato, "Common Vision on the development of a Small Aircraft Transportation systemm, SAT-CommonVision-D1.1", ~ (2012)
- P. Helle, "Testing of Autonomous Systems–Challenges and Current State-of-the-Art", INCOSE International Symposium, 26(1), pp.571~ (2016)
- Rohit Goyal, "Advanced Air Mobility: Demand Analysis and Market Potential of the Airport Shuttle and Air Taxi Markets", Sustainability, 13(13), pp.7421~ (2021)
- Ruwantissa Abeyratne, "Convention on International Civil Aviation: A Commentary", ~ (2014)
- Next-Gen Maintenance Framework for Urban Air Mobility Vehicles, "Sandeep Kulkarni", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 2022-26-0008 (2022)
- "Study on the societal acceptance of Urban Air Mobility in Europe", EASA: Cologne, ~ (2021)
- "The Future of Vertical Mobility: Sizing the market for passenger, inspection, and goods services until 2035, A Porsche Consulting Study", ~ (2018)
- T. Mayor, "Getting Mobility Offthe Ground", ~ (2019)
- Timothy M. Ravich, "Grounding Innovation: How Ex-Ante Prohibitions and Ex-Post Allowances Impede Commercial Drone Use", Colum. B. L. Rev, 2018, pp.495~ (2018)
- Timothy M. Ravich, "On-Demand Aviation: Governance Challenges of Urban Air Mobility ("UAM")", Penn St. L. Rev, 124, pp.657~ (2020)
- "UAM Vision Concept of Operations (ConOps) UAM Maturity Level (UML) 4, Version 1.0", NASA, ~ (2020)
- "Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Humanitarian Aid and Emergency Response Guidance: U-AID", ICAO, ~ (2019)