문봉 정유일의 퇴계학 계승양상

Abstract

This thesis is a study on the succession pattern of Toegye study by Munbong Jeong Yu-il (1533-1576), one of Toegye's outstanding disciples. This paper starts with the intention of examining what kind of disciple Munbong was and what kind of teacher Toegye was. While a considerable number of studies related to succession of Toegye Studies have been conducted through disciples, there have been only few studies on Munbong Jeong Yu-il, one of Toegye's disciples who interacted most frequently. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to scrutinize aspects of succession of Toegye Studies through Munbong by examining relationship and academic discussion between Toegye and Munbong. Munbong is believed to have studied under Toegye at the age of 15-20, but there is no clear record left. It seems that after passing the Daegwa Exam at the age of 24, he began to engage closely with Toegye. Although he did not have time to stay under Toegye School for a long time and study, he often visited Toegye even in his busy official life. In the process, it seems that he played an important role between Toegye and other people. Munbong was a disciple who received the most letters from Toegye, and much of his studies were passed down through letters. In this paper, among them, Munbong's 'theory of spirit' and 'theory of mind' were specifically examined. In a discussion on the theme of ‘The Mind is Taekgeuk,’ Munbong further developed Toegye's view that “At quiet, Li exists in an object, or exists in a mind, and exists as one with no distinction.” to “When it is quiet, Li in an object does not gather and fulfill in a mind, but originally exists as one in a mind and objects, and even in the situation of moving and responding, Li in a mind does not flow out and be divided, but Li in the matter itself is already in a mind.” By adding it, Toegye's theory was explained in more detail. Furthermore, in the theory of Four-Seven, emotion originated from Benevolence, Righteousness, Rituals, and Wisdom and Munbong emphasizes the fact that it was pure. It is only occurring of righteousness that emotion becoming evil, and he maintains the standpoint that emotion itself, the primary emotion, cannot be evil. In other words, considering that separating and discussing the issue of "Seven Feelings" from the existing theory of Four Beginnings centering Seongbalwijeong in Neo-Confucianism is the first characteristic of Toegye Four-Seven debate, Munbong emphasizes on purity only in terms of "Four Beginnings" without mentioning the separation point. Munbong's belief in human nature is good, and furthermore, emotion is good, surpasses Toegye's. In this respect, it can be said that Munbong faithfully inherited Toegye's "Zhu-li" philosophy.