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속성과 대안 비교를 통한 소비자 학습 및 비교 정보 제공의 효과성 제고 방안 고찰: 공통/특유 속성과 속성의 정렬성을 중심으로

Investigation of Consumer Learning from Comparison of Features and Alternatives and the Enhancing Effectiveness of Providing Comparison Information: Focused on Common/Unique Features and Attributes Alignability

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초록

소비자들은 속성과 대안의 비교를 통해 선호를 형성하고 합리적으로 선택하는 방법을 학습한다. 소비자들이 대안의 속성을 비교하여 선택하는 것은 대안의 속성을 비교하지 않고 선택하는 것에 비해 선택에 따른 만족, 후회 그리고 선택 후 전환가능성 등에 있어서 차이를 보이므로 소비자들이 속성과 대안을 비교한 후 선택하는 것은 소비 생활에 있어서 바람직한 구매 의사결정 방법이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 소비자들이 ‘한국형컨슈머리포트’와 같이 속성과 대안을 비교할 수 있는 정보를 활용하여 속성과 대안을 비교함으로써 선호도가 형성되고 선택 의사결정을 한다는 전제하에 소비자들이 속성 및 대안을 비교 하는 방법, 비교를 통해 학습하는 내용을 기술한 후, 속성과 대안의 비교를 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 방법에 대하여 제안하였다. 소비자들이 속성과 대안을 유사성/비유사성에 기초하여 비교하는 것과 관련해서는 속성의 공통성과 특유성 및 속성의 정렬성 (정렬가능 대 정렬불가능) 을 고려하였다. 대안들의 공통 속성은 비진단적 정보이므로 선택 의사결정에 반영되지 못한다는 연구와 특유 속성이 선호도에 영향을 미친다는 연구 및 공통 속성이 다른 변수를 통하여 선호 혹은 선택에 조절적으로 영향을 미친다는 연구를 기술하였다. 그리고 정렬성 여부가 선호 및 선택 의사결정에 미치는 영향을 기술하였다. 소비자들이 비교를 통해 학습하는 내용을 속성 학습과 대안 학습으로 나누어 기술하였으며, 소비자들의 학습에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 대안의 중요성, 맥락, 대안의 매력성, 유인가(valence) 그리고 소비자의 사전 선호도 등을 검토하였다. 이와 같은 속성 및 대안 비교와 관련된 이론적 내용을 바탕으로 하여 ‘한국형컨슈머리포트'의 효과성 제고를 위하여 1)제시되는 속성 및 대안 정보는 공통/특유 속성과 구조적 정렬성/비정렬성 정보를 고려하되, 특히 정보 과부하 경감, 제시되는 속성 및 대안 정보는 소비자들이 중요시하는 중요도를 고려, 제시되는 속성의 정렬성과 비정렬성에 대한 학습 지원을 반영, 2)속성 및 대안 비교 관련 시뮬레이션 도구 제공, 3)평가 지속 갱신 및 신제품 혹은 새로운 범주의 제품에 대한 신속한 평가, 4)속성 및 대안 비교의 효용성을 높이고 비교의 가치가 있음을 지각하도록 동기부여를 제안하였다.

Abstract

Consumers form preferences and make choices by comparing features and alternatives. Consumers learn how to choose rationally via comparison of features and alternatives. When consumers compare features and alternatives for decision-making, they face major things such as 1)attribute commonalities and differences, which are driven by similarity/dissimilarity and 2)attribute and alternative alignability, that is alignable attribute/alternative and non-alignable attribute/alternative. Some scholars suggest that common features don't impact choice because of non-diagnostic information, which are shared features cancelled before choice deliberation. Other scholars view common features as having an impact preferences. Common features impact on preference of unique features whereas common features moderate preference by attribute importance, attractiveness of common features, or prior preference of focal alternative. Through comparison-based learning, consumers learn feature learning and option learning. This study, for the purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of ‘Korea Consumer Reports', investigates how consumers compare features and alternatives and learn from their comparison. This study focuses on common/unique features and alignability from the consumers perspective and influencing factors of consumer learning of comparison of features and alternatives such as features importance, context, attractiveness, valence, prior preference. Finally, this study suggests the following ways to enhance the effectiveness of ‘Korea Consumer Reports': 1)offering information about comparison of features and alternatives taking into consideration common/unique features, attributes alignability, reducing information overload (e.g., pseudo-alignability), and attribute importance; 2) supporting consumer's self-learning simulation tool which is included with laying attribute weight for oneself and generating scores of their own preference; 3)evaluating regularly and updating quickly when new alternatives are introduced or when consumer's preference doesn't form; and 4)motivating and enhancing perceived value of comparison of features and alternatives.

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