‘髑’과 異次頓의 字意에 대한 재검토

Abstract

Icchadon is a person who led the official recognition of Buddhism in Silla. With his martyrdom, Buddhism spread widely in Silla. In this article, I looked into the meaning of his name, 異次頓. And also looked the meaning of ‘髑’, the pen name(字). I also looked into whether 髑 and 猒髑 are the same. Lee Byeong-do paid attention to the fact that most of Icchadon's pen name in Samguk Yusa(『三國遺事』), a woodblock edition, If We shift the location of letters in his pen name ‘’, it becomes ‘犬+胃’; and then if we replace ‘犭,’ of the same meaning, for ‘犬,’ it becomes ‘猬,’ meaning ‘hedgehog,’ also read as ‘wichok’(髑) I also examined Tripitaka Koreana (『高麗大藏經』) to see if 猒 and are the same letters. The same phrase is found twice in Sibsongyul (『十誦律』) (Sibsongyul Vol. 31, Tripitaka Koreana Vol. 21, p.809), as ‘猒惡’ and as ‘惡’. So we can see that both ‘猒’ and ‘’ mean ‘dislike.’” Therefore, we can see that ‘’ in Samguk Yusa (『三國遺事』) is not but the same letter as ‘猒.’ So ‘髑’ and ‘Icchadon’ did not mean ‘hedgehog.’ However, the problem was that the meaning of ‘dislike’ was included in the pen name (字) of Icchadon. ‘’ has the meaning of disliking, but it also means being satisfied. You can check what it means through the context in the sentence. However, when ‘’ is used in a name, it is difficult to determine what it means. So, when using ‘’ as a name, some of the letters may be modified to indicate that it is written with a good meaning, such as ‘satisfied and good.’ It can also be written as ‘’ with ‘田’ instead of the usual ‘猒’ character. The time when Icchadon was called by his pen name(字) was after the 9th century, when Icchadon's incantation project began in earnest. It is highly likely that the story of Icchadon's martyrdom and his pen name Yeomchok were created at a later time. It is natural that the story of Icchadon who was martyred to be a Buddhist public figure, is embellished in a Buddhist way. In that case, we can think about whether his pen name was also called in a Buddhist style. Like King Beopheung of Silla, whose pen name is 法空. There is ‘icchā’ in Sanskrit. usually interpreted in Chinese as 求, 愛: 願, 欲, affection, 樂, 欲樂, etc. The Sanskrit word ‘icchantika’ was translated as ‘心慾’ or ‘大慾,’ and was later also translated as ‘一闡提,’ a being that cannot attain Buddhahood. Its Chinese pronunciation is 一阐提 [yī chăn tí]. However, there are two types, the ‘斷善闡提’ and the ‘大悲闡提.’ ‘斷善闡提’ is literally a being that has no good source and cannot attain Buddhahood, who is also called ‘菩薩闡提’ because he sought the Bodhisattva practice of saving all living beings. The ‘iccha’ of ‘icchadon’ corresponds to ‘icchā,’ and ‘don’ corresponds to ‘ika.’ Icchadon's ‘don’ refers to a person who acts like a dory/dari; it can be seen as ‘iccha’= ‘icchā,’ and ‘icchadon’=‘icchantika.’ For example, ‘Sautrantika’ is a person who reveres sutras. Icchadon's martyrdom was to save all living beings, like the ‘大悲闡提’ and the ‘菩薩闡提.’ If ‘icchantika’ [’Daebicheonje’] translated to Chinese characters in Silla is 異次頓, then the paraphrase of ‘icchantika/異次頓’ is (=‘髑’); ‘髑’ is a personal suffix because it is said to be the same as ‘髑, 頓, 道, 覩, 獨’ found in Samguk Yusa (『三國遺事』). Then the relationship between ‘iccha’ and ‘’ must be resolved. Regarding ‘’, there are two conflicting opinions: 'dislike' and 'like'. Since 猒 is used in the name and ‘’ is a special notation, it is highly likely to mean 'good' or 'beneficient'. Although ‘icchantika’ initially has a bad meaning of not being able to attain Buddhahood, if the reason for not achieving Buddhahood is ‘icchantika’ of the 大悲闡提, then one becomes a ‘good person’ or a ‘beneficient person,’ I thought that the paraphrase for this might be ‘髑.’