The Political Economy of Indonesia’s Global Maritime Axis and Infrastructure Development Plan under the Jokowi administration Introduction
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인도네시아는 1997-1988년 아시아 금융위기를 거치면서 정치적으로 민주화를 경제적으로는 중진국에 진입하는 큰 변화를 맞이했다. 하지만 최근 새로운 성장 동력을 찾지 못하면 중진국 함정에 빠질 수 있다는 전망이 지배적이다. 무엇보다 인프라 시설의 부족이 인도네시아의 성장을 가로막는 여러 가지 장애물 중에서 가장 심각한 문제다. 인도네시아는 물류비용에 GDP의 26%를 사용하는 취약한 경제구조를 가지고 있어서 주변국에 비해 경쟁력이 떨어진다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 조코위 대통령은 대선 후보 시절부터 인프라 시설에 대한 과감한 투자와 인도네시아를 ‘세계 해양 중심국(global maritime axis)'으로 만들겠다는 비전을 강조했다. 이러한 정책은 현 조코위 정부의 핵심 경제개발 5개년 계획이자 외교 노선으로서 국·내외적으로 많은 주목을 받았다. 하지만 이러한 계획들을 실천함에 있어서 인도네시아 정부는 여러 가지 현실적인 문제에 직면하고 있다. 본 연구는 인도네시아 정부가 직면하고 있는 문제들을 정치경제적 관점에서 고찰하고 있다.
Abstract
Recently there are a number of symptoms indicating Indonesia could struggle to escape from the “middle income trap” without new growth engines and wide ranging structural reform. Most of all, the insufficient physical infrastructure is a primary constraint to economic growth in that the infrastructure gap raises costs, discourages investment, and reduces opportunities to participate in the growth process. The costs of logistics across Indonesia account for some 26 per cent of GDP higher than in neighboring countries. Indonesia has the potential to rise and become more thriving and equitable. But the risk of floating in the middle is also real. Since his presidential candidate, Jokowi has outlined an ambitious maritime doctrine, which later developed into ‘global maritime axis (poros maritim dunia)’. Jokowi hopes to make Indonesia move up to upper middle-income bracket through the vision. Also, in December 2014, Jokowi unveiled his medium-term economic agenda including massive infrastructure projects. The paper discusses the key challenges faced by the Jokowi administration in its implementing the global maritime axis vision and infrastructure development plan.
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