중국 정부의 코로나19 극복을 위한 중소기업 지원정책에 대한 연구- 광동성 사례를 중심으로 -
Analysis of Support Policies for Chinese SMEs Influenced by the COVID-19 - Focused on Guangdong Province
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초록
중국의 중소기업은 중국경제의 중요한 버팀목 역할을 지속적으로 수행하고 있다. 중국 전체기업 중 중소기업이 차지하는 비율은 99%로 제품생산과 서비스 가치는 중국 국내 총생산의 약 60%를 차지하고 있다. 대량의 일자리를 제공하고 특히 농촌의 노동력을 도시로 유입시키는데 중추적인 역할을 수행하고 있다. 아울러 중국 전체기업이 납부하는 세금의 50%를 중소기업이 납부하며, 중국전체 기술혁신 산업 75%, 신제품 개발사업에서 중소기업이 차지하는 비중이 80%를 차지하고 있다. 2020년 1월 중국 우한에서 발생한 코로나19는 외식업, 관광업, 교통산업 등에 막대한 피해를 입히고 있으며 대다수 관련 기업들이 임대료, 임금지급, 대출금 상환등 큰 경제적 부담에 직면하고 있다. 특히 중소기업들은 코로나19 상황에 대처하는 능력이 부족하고 금융자원에 한계를 보이고 있어서 지난 1월 코로나19 발생이후 생산중단, 폐업등 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 사태가 지속된다면 중소기업 더 나아가 중국 전체의 경제성장 전반에 엄청난 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되고 있다. 최근 중국 중앙 각 부 위원회는 기업 지원정책을 신속히 제정하여 발표하고 있으며 특히 자금난과 경영난을 겪고 있는 중소기업에 대한 지원정책을 쏟아내고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국 중소기업 지원정책을 근거로 중국 개혁개방의 출발점이자 웨강오 대만구 건설의 중점지역인 광동성의 중소기업 지원정책을 분석하였다. 최근 광동성은 중소기업의 조업재개을 위해 단계적으로 운영단가를 낮추고 중소기업 융자난을 완화하며 중소기업의 서비스 보장을 강화하는 등의 4가지 중점정책을 발표하여 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 여기서 더 나아가 광동성 중소기업 지원정책의 문제점과 한계를 분석한 후 향 후 중소기업 지원정책의 실질적인 방향과 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.
Abstract
SME is the important pillar industry for China’s national economy, which accounts for 99% of the total number of enterprises in the country and whose ultimate products and services values are equivalent to 60% of GDP. It also provides a large number of jobs in urban areas and attracts a mass of rural labor force. The transfer of labor has created more than 50% of the national tax, more than 75% of technological innovation and new products of more than 80%. In January 2020, the COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei, which severely affected the service industries such as catering, tourism, and transportation. Many companies are facing high pressure on rent, wages, inventory, and loans due to the inability to start work. Due to their small operation scale, weak anti-risk capabilities, and limited access to financial resources, a great deal of SME is like who was tripped all of a sudden when one was running. The revenue has suspended but the costs are still rising. Under the impact of the epidemic, the operating conditions of SME are quite negative and have become the focus of market concern. Recently, the central and local ministries and commissions have successively issued a series of supportive policies to help SME relieve their pressure and overcome the difficulties they met in their ongoing work. Under this circumstances, this essay would like to analyze Guangdong’s supportive policies for its SME since Guangdong is the key area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and where the reform and opening up started. At present, Guangdong has put forward a series of policies and measures to benefit SME based on four major aspects: vigorously supporting the resumption of SM; periodically reducing the operating costs of SME; alleviating SME’s financing difficulties; strengthening SME’s service guarantees, from which the author would like to further study the limitations and challenges on Guangdong supportive policies for its SME during the pandemic.
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