Nationalism and State Interests: Seoul’s Restrained Rejoinder to China’s Northeast Project
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Since the end of the Cold War, constructivism, which stresses ideational factors such as identity, nationalism and norms, has been popular in the study of international relations(IR). Regarding contemporary East Asian IR,many constructivism-informed scholars present two widely shared arguments:one is that the recent surge of East Asian nationalisms would outweigh realist factors such as security and economic interests in an uncertain security structure of East Asia after the Cold War, and the other is that nationalism in East Asia is seen as having a uniformly negative effect on the regional stability and diplomacy. By looking at the history issue of Goguryeo between South Korea and China, this paper aims to critically reconsider the constructivist conventional arguments above. This paper argues that, although nationalism in South Korea has been one of the important elements possibly deteriorating its diplomatic relations with China, in its foreign and domestic policy implementation, Seoul still takes more account of traditional, hard power-related factors such as economic gains and security concerns, whereas trying to keep nationalist sentiments at home under control. In this sense, rather than simply treating nationalism as an ideational factor souring interstate relations among East Asian countries, as often argued by many constructivists, it is needed to context-sensitively consider under what circumstances nationalism-related issues destabilize the regional security and diplomacy in constructivist empirical research.
Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War, constructivism, which stresses ideational factors such as identity, nationalism and norms, has been popular in the study of international relations(IR). Regarding contemporary East Asian IR,many constructivism-informed scholars present two widely shared arguments:one is that the recent surge of East Asian nationalisms would outweigh realist factors such as security and economic interests in an uncertain security structure of East Asia after the Cold War, and the other is that nationalism in East Asia is seen as having a uniformly negative effect on the regional stability and diplomacy. By looking at the history issue of Goguryeo between South Korea and China, this paper aims to critically reconsider the constructivist conventional arguments above. This paper argues that, although nationalism in South Korea has been one of the important elements possibly deteriorating its diplomatic relations with China, in its foreign and domestic policy implementation, Seoul still takes more account of traditional, hard power-related factors such as economic gains and security concerns, whereas trying to keep nationalist sentiments at home under control. In this sense, rather than simply treating nationalism as an ideational factor souring interstate relations among East Asian countries, as often argued by many constructivists, it is needed to context-sensitively consider under what circumstances nationalism-related issues destabilize the regional security and diplomacy in constructivist empirical research.
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