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군사자산의 재해대응 지원에 관한 소고

A Study on the Use of Military Assets for Disaster Response

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한국아시아학회 (The Korean Association Of Asian Studies(Kaas))|2022.11|아시아연구 (The Journal of Asian Studies)|제25권 제4호|pp. 189-206|DOI 10.21740/jas.2022.11.25.4.189

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키워드

비전통안보Non-traditional security비군사적 위협재해대응에서의 군사적 지원Non-military threatsmilitary support for disaster response
주제분류지역학

초록

본 논문은 대규모 재해재난의 대응 수단으로서 군사자산이 참여하는 문제를 다룬다. 재해대응은 인도주의적이고 인간의 생명 보호라는 보편적 가치를 추구하기에 국방의 참여가 비논쟁적이지만, 한편 비군사적 위협 중 가장 빈번하게 군사자산이 투입되는 이슈이다. 또한 기후변화로 대형 재해가 빈번해지면서 자국 내 재해뿐만 아니라 해외 재난 시에도 여러나라의 군사자산 지원이 당연시 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 재해재난이 대표적인 비군사적 위협임에도 불구하고 군사적 참여가 점차 확대되는 원인을 살펴보고, 그 이면에 작동하는 국제정치적 갈등 혹은 전통적 안보와 연관된 문제를 분석한다. 즉, 군사자산 사용 그 자체에 대한 논쟁은 물론, 이것이 국가의 소프트파워 경쟁의 수단이나 하드파워 경쟁의 촉매로 작용할 수 있다는 것이다. 또한 군사적 민감성에 의해 오히려 구호활동에 차질을 빚게 되거나 재해대응이 국제적 군사훈련 확대의 명분으로 작용할 수도 있다. 이러한 논의를 통해 재해대응에서의 군사작전이 보다 인도적, 중립적, 이타적, 효율적 방법으로 발전되기 위해 국제사회가 나아갈 방향을 제시한다.

Abstract

This paper deals with the problem of military assets participation as a means of responding to large-scale disasters. The participation of defense in disaster response is relatively non-controversial because it pursues the humanitarian value of protecting human lives. In addition, as large-scale disasters become more frequent due to climate change, it is taken for granted that military assets are supported not only in case of domestic disasters but also in case of overseas disasters. Therefore, this study examines the cause of the gradual expansion of military participation even though disaster is a representative non-military threat, and analyzes the problems related to international political conflicts and traditional security. Specifically, the debate over the use of military assets itself continues, and military participation in disaster response can serve as a means of soft power competition or be a catalyst for hard power competition. In addition, military sensitivity may disrupt relief activities, or disaster response may serve as a justification for expanding international military training. Through these discussions, this paper presents a direction for the international community to develop military operations for disaster response more humanitarian, neutral, and efficiently.

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