한·중 자동차부품산업의 수출경쟁력 비교 분석

Abstract

The automobile parts industry is a core industry that has great inter-industry association effects and affects the industrial sector. It is Korea's main export industry, ranking sixth in terms of exports and 36 percent of the surplus. However, exports of automobile parts and surpluses have been decreasing due to internal and external factors such as improved Chinese technology, GVC reorganization, U.S.-China trade dispute, COVID-19, low conversion ratio of electric vehicle parts, and widening technology gap with global parts makers. Therefore, it is time to prepare a plan to enhance competitiveness. Accordingly, this paper analyzed the export competitiveness of related-significant countries, and compared the export competitiveness between Korea and China in the automobile parts industry using Export Market Share(EMS), Trade Specialization Index(TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA), Contribution to the Trade Balance(CTB), and Export Similarity Index(ESI) models. The results of the study are as follows. First, the export competitiveness of related-significant countries are high in the order of EMS: Germany > US > Mexico, TSI: Korea > Japan > Poland, RCA: Mexico > Czech Republic > Poland, CTB: Poland > Korea > Mexico. Second, as a result of comparing Korea-China export competitiveness, Korea is more competitive than China, and other automobile parts have the highest competition. Third, when comparing the major trading countries of Korea and China, the United States is the largest export market and surplus partner in both countries. In terms of imports, Korea imports the most from China, and China imports the most from Germany and Japan. Overall, Korea's export competitiveness in the auto parts industry is superior to China and is one of the top in the global market. However, Korea's exports, trade balance, and competitiveness index are on the decline. Therefore, in order to enhance global export competitiveness, structural changes in export products and diversification of exporting countries using FTA and CPTPP are necessary. In addition, policy support such as R&D, source technology, and fostering small parts companies is needed.