An Analysis of India’s Quest for Digital Transformation in Education: Progress, Determinants and Challenges
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India has been actively pursuing digital transformation in education since 2015 as a part of its Digital India mission. This paper critically analyzes India's recent quest for digital transformation in education. The study focuses on three interrelated issues - progress, major determinants, and challenges - that have not been studied by scholarly studies so far. The paper first provides a detailed description of the origins and evaluations of India's pursuit of digital transformation in education in recent years. Then, it analyzes the primary drivers for this policy and identifies four key determinants that have significantly influenced India's push toward digital transformation of its education landscape. These include bridging the digital divide, enhancing the gross enrolment ratio through digitalization, empowering the masses to participate in the modern digital economy, and the COVID-19 pandemic impact. While India's digital transformation in education has great potential, it also poses several challenges. Hence, after demonstrating critical progress and major determinants, the paper highlights four major obstacles that need to be addressed to realize India's goal. These include a lack of digital infrastructure, inadequate digital literacy among students and teachers, geographical educational inequality, and a lack of government interest in strengthening public educational institutions. This paper aims to enrich the literature in two ways. Firstly, by studying India's digital education transformation, it contributes to emerging research on digital transformation in education in developing countries. Secondly, it seeks to understand factors and challenges affecting India's education in the new digital era.
Abstract
India has been actively pursuing digital transformation in education since 2015 as a part of its Digital India mission. This paper critically analyzes India's recent quest for digital transformation in education. The study focuses on three interrelated issues - progress, major determinants, and challenges - that have not been studied by scholarly studies so far. The paper first provides a detailed description of the origins and evaluations of India's pursuit of digital transformation in education in recent years. Then, it analyzes the primary drivers for this policy and identifies four key determinants that have significantly influenced India's push toward digital transformation of its education landscape. These include bridging the digital divide, enhancing the gross enrolment ratio through digitalization, empowering the masses to participate in the modern digital economy, and the COVID-19 pandemic impact. While India's digital transformation in education has great potential, it also poses several challenges. Hence, after demonstrating critical progress and major determinants, the paper highlights four major obstacles that need to be addressed to realize India's goal. These include a lack of digital infrastructure, inadequate digital literacy among students and teachers, geographical educational inequality, and a lack of government interest in strengthening public educational institutions. This paper aims to enrich the literature in two ways. Firstly, by studying India's digital education transformation, it contributes to emerging research on digital transformation in education in developing countries. Secondly, it seeks to understand factors and challenges affecting India's education in the new digital era.
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