함께하는 의사결정의 구성요소에 관한 통합적 문헌고찰
Integrative Review of the Components of Shared Decision-Making
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초록
온정적 간섭주의와 충분한 정보에 근거한 의사결정 등, 의료환경에서는 다양한 형태의 의사결정의 방식이 존재하였다. 이중 의학적 의사결정의 최근 지견으로 손꼽히는 것이 함께하는 의사결정(Shared decision making, SDM)이다. 함께하는 의사결정은 그간 일방향적이고 전문가 주도적이었던 의학적 의사결정 방식에서 벗어나, 환자와 의사가 논의를 통해 수렴적인 결정을 이루어가는 방식이다. 본 연구는 함께하는 의사결정과 관련된 연구에 대하여 통합적 문헌고찰을 수행하여 생애 말기 함께하는 의사결정의 구성요소를 찾는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 Whittemore & Knafl의 통합적 문헌고찰 방법론을 활용하였으며 총 13편의 국내외 논문을 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따라 생애 말기 함께하는 의사결정은 파트너십의 형성(Formation of partnership), 정보의 교류(Exchange of information), 충분한 숙고(Deliberation), 합의된 의사결정(Mutual decision-making), 주기적인 재검토와 확인(Periodic review and confirmation)의 다섯 가지 구성요소가 도출되었다. 파트너십의 형성은 환자와 의사가 동등한 관계를 가지고 환자의 능동적인 참여를 독려하는 것이었으며, 정보의 교류는 환자와 의사가 정보를 순환적으로 제공하여 이해를 돕도록 하는 것이다. 충분한 숙고는 충분한 시간과 반복적인 수렴과정을 거치는 것이며, 합의된 의사결정은 결정된 내용을 상호 존중하고 이에 대한 이해를 가지고 함께 치료계획을 세워가는 것이다. 주기적인 재검토는 결정 이후에도 환자의 의사 변동을 확인하는 과정이다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여 보면 함께하는 의사결정을 이루기 위하여서는 환자의 참여와 정보의 교류를 확장할 수 있는 의료진의 인식과 태도의 변화, 충분한 숙고와 재검토가 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 사전돌봄계획의 수립, 참여구성원이 모두 합의된 결정을 위한 환자중심의 사회문화개선이 필요하다.
Abstract
Shared decision-making in medicine (SDM), which involves collaboration between patients and physicians, is one of the leading medical decision-making methods. This study aims to identify the components of SDM in end-of-life care by conducting an integrative literature review on SDM research. The study adopted Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology and analyzed 13 domestic and foreign articles. Based on this review, the following five components of SDM were identified. First, patients and physicians form partnerships in which both play an active role in the decision-making process. Second, information is exchanged between patients and physicians in a circular and transparent manner. Third, sufficient time is spent on meetings, deliberation, and decision-making. Fourth, the decisions that are made are mutually satisfactory and understood by both participants. Fifth, attempts are made to determine whether the patient’s intentions have changed even after a shared-decision is made. In addition to identifying the components of SDM in end-of-life care, this article argues that it is necessary to change certain perceptions and attitudes of medical personnel to enhance patient participation and the exchange of information with patients.
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