기본의학교육 내에서의 토론을 통한 윤리 교육프로그램의 타당성: 비판적 사고 성향, 문제해결능력, 의학전문직업성 척도의 활용을 통한 검토
Justifying the Use of Debate as a Teaching Tool in Medical Ethics Education: Critical Thinking Dispositions, Problem-solving Skills, and Medical Professionalism
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기본의학교육 내에서 윤리교육 프로그램과 토론이라는 교수학습 방법의 수용은 널리 이루어져 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고 윤리교육 프로그램을 개별 학교에서 정당화해야 하는 상황과 교수학습 방법의 타당 성을 의학교육의 현실 속에서 증명해야 하는 상황이 존재한다. 이에 본 연구는 기본의학교육 내의 윤리 교육 프로그램에서 토론이라는 교수학습 방법론이 얼마나 타당한지 검토하는 것을 목표로 하고, 의예과 2학년 학생들에게 실제로 제공된 수업의 설계와 실행을 구체적으로 제시한다. 또한 비판적 사고 성향, 문제해결능력, 의학전문직업성 척도를 활용하여 수업 전후 학생들의 성향 및 역량을 측정함으로써 수업 의 효과를 평가한다. 이를 위해 토론과 이에 쌍을 이루는 탐색적 조별 토의, 이 과정을 지원하는 강의를 한 학기 동안 모듈 형식으로 제공하였으며, 토론 후 활동을 통해 과열된 경쟁이 아닌 성찰과 사고를 촉 진하고자 하였다. 학생들의 수업 전후 비판적 사고 성향은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 수업 후 비판적 사고 성향과 문제해결능력, 비판적 사고 성향과 의학전문직업성은 각각 유의한 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 수업 전에는 나이가, 수업 후에는 문제해결능력이 비판적 사고 성향에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었다. 이러한 분석 결과는 토론을 활용한 본 수업의 효과가 향후 문제해결능력과 의학전문직업성 에도 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This article reports on a study that was conducted to test the validity of using debate as a teaching and learning method in ethics courses within medical education programs. The design and execution of an ethics course for second-year students at one medical college are described in detail. Additionally, the effectiveness of the teaching methodology is evaluated by measuring students’ critical thinking dispositions, problem-solving skills, and medical professionalism before and after the course. Debates, paired with exploratory group discussions and lectures to support these activities, were provided as modules. Reflection and thinking were promoted through post-debate activities, avoiding overheated competition. A statistically significant difference was found between students’ preand post-course critical thinking dispositions. Moreover, positive correlations were observed after the course between both students’ critical thinking dispositions and problem-solving skills as well as between their critical thinking dispositions and medical professionalism. Students' age and problem-solving skills were also identified as factors influencing pre- and post-course critical thinking dispositions, respectively. The results of this study suggest that educational programs that use debate as a teaching and learning method have a positive effect on medical students’ problem-solving skills and professionalism.
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