타이의 사회운동과 헌정주의 : ‘74년체제’와 ‘97년체제’의 비교
The Social Movement and Constitutionalism in Thailand: A Comparison between 'The year 1974 system' and 'The year 1997 system'.
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Abstract
Thai politics has ever experienced de-democratization owing to the collapse of constitutionalism which institutionalized the rule of political market. ‘1974 system' and '1997 system' were such typical cases of de-democratization in Thailand. This paper focuses on the meaning of constitutionalism in terms of Thai social movement approach through the comparative study of '1974 system' and '1997 system'. '1974 system' and '1997 system' were then destroyed by the conservatives who were dissatisfied with broadening of the ideological, political horizon. The fall of two systems was justified by the conservative alliance composed of trans-constitutionalist power holders. However there are distinctive differences between '1974 system' and '1997 system' in terms of crisis momentum. First of all, while '1974 system' had fallen down with the crisis of 'election without choice' being equivalent to election without populist mass party as a momentum, ' 1997 system' fell down with the crisis of 'election with choice' being equivalent to election with populist mass party as an another momentum. On the other hand, one of different aspects is that while the conservative forces composed of the military, bureaucrats, and the royalists violently destroyed the interdependent relationship between radical political parties and social movements even though they were not popular but nascent under '1974 system', the same composition of the conservative who got support from some social movements friendly with trans-constitutionalist conservative alliance under the '1997 system' destroyed Thaksinocrcy as a populist constitutionalism friendly with rural sector's voice in the name of 'good coup', which contrasted with '1974 system'.
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