푸미폰 국왕과 태국 정치 70년(1946-2016)의 부침(浮沈): 국왕의 영향력을 중심으로
King Bhumibol and His 70-Year Reign(1946-2016): Focusing on His Influence on Thai Politics
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the changing process of King Bhumibol's influence on Thai politics during his 70-year reign(1946-2016). The king's political power from 1946 to 1957 was insignificant. Since 1957, however, when the union between the military and monarchy was established with help of Sarit, position and influence of the king ascended. When King Bhumibol ordered the military to withdraw from politics in 1973, his authority was strong enough to control the military. Thereafter, the "network monarchy" dominated Thai politics from 1973 to 2001. The "network" among the king, Privy Council, and the military was above the elected powers during the period. But Thaksin's victory in 2001 election and his premiership seeking for his own network threatened the network monarchy. As a reaction to Thaksin, the military provoked a coup and overthrew Thaksin's government in 2006. King Bhumibol acknowledged the coup legitimate. Because of the approval, however, the king's influence was critically weakened when the pro-Thaksin mass rejected his endorsement. There was another coup that removed other pro-Thaksin government and declared a military junta in 2014. King Bhumibol died in October 2016 while the junta controlled Thai politics. The future of Thai politics without King Bjumibol is uncertain due to various factors including current military junta, Thaksin, and new King Vajiralongkorn.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the changing process of King Bhumibol's influence on Thai politics during his 70-year reign(1946-2016). The king's political power from 1946 to 1957 was insignificant. Since 1957, however, when the union between the military and monarchy was established with help of Sarit, position and influence of the king ascended. When King Bhumibol ordered the military to withdraw from politics in 1973, his authority was strong enough to control the military. Thereafter, the "network monarchy" dominated Thai politics from 1973 to 2001. The "network" among the king, Privy Council, and the military was above the elected powers during the period. But Thaksin's victory in 2001 election and his premiership seeking for his own network threatened the network monarchy. As a reaction to Thaksin, the military provoked a coup and overthrew Thaksin's government in 2006. King Bhumibol acknowledged the coup legitimate. Because of the approval, however, the king's influence was critically weakened when the pro-Thaksin mass rejected his endorsement. There was another coup that removed other pro-Thaksin government and declared a military junta in 2014. King Bhumibol died in October 2016 while the junta controlled Thai politics. The future of Thai politics without King Bjumibol is uncertain due to various factors including current military junta, Thaksin, and new King Vajiralongkorn.
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