태국의 여성단체와 정치참여
Women's Organizations and Political Participation in Thailand
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Women's organizations are broad bases, ranging from grassroots organizations to associations of people at the upper level of Thai society. The first women's organizations were philanthropic in nature by upper classes. Since the launching of the UN's Women Decade(in 1975), women's organizations ventured out of the charitable field into more political activities on a wide scale. After May 1992, women's organizations had become somewhat stronger. Their contribution to the new constitution had gained them respect and recognition among general NGOs. Some women's regional network was also emerging but with little definite direction. After Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, women's organizations became the driving forces for the promotion of human rights, gender equality and social justice in Thailand. Women's organizations were led into political issues and ultimately to amending or changing the constitution. Because women's organizations saw the constitution as an important tool to change labour and family laws that were discriminatory towards women. So women's organizations aimed to widen women's opportunities and provide support for effective participation in politics at all levels as voters, supporters and candidates. Other NGOs had helped to build the capacity to broaden public participation in development, improve access to the legal system, and advance the rights of women and children. As a result, in the 1997 Constitution the concept of these frameworks dealt with the basic rights of the people, and their right to participation in the political decision-making, process by guaranteeing individual freedom and fundamental rights in the public laws. To promote grassroots democracy in Thai civil society, women's organizations and NGOs needed to advocate the concepts of people's empowerment and participation. This paper focuses on the political role of women's organizations to expand the grassroots democracy for the purpose of political reform during the 1997 constitution-drafting process in Thailand.
Abstract
Women's organizations are broad bases, ranging from grassroots organizations to associations of people at the upper level of Thai society. The first women's organizations were philanthropic in nature by upper classes. Since the launching of the UN's Women Decade(in 1975), women's organizations ventured out of the charitable field into more political activities on a wide scale. After May 1992, women's organizations had become somewhat stronger. Their contribution to the new constitution had gained them respect and recognition among general NGOs. Some women's regional network was also emerging but with little definite direction. After Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, women's organizations became the driving forces for the promotion of human rights, gender equality and social justice in Thailand. Women's organizations were led into political issues and ultimately to amending or changing the constitution. Because women's organizations saw the constitution as an important tool to change labour and family laws that were discriminatory towards women. So women's organizations aimed to widen women's opportunities and provide support for effective participation in politics at all levels as voters, supporters and candidates. Other NGOs had helped to build the capacity to broaden public participation in development, improve access to the legal system, and advance the rights of women and children. As a result, in the 1997 Constitution the concept of these frameworks dealt with the basic rights of the people, and their right to participation in the political decision-making, process by guaranteeing individual freedom and fundamental rights in the public laws. To promote grassroots democracy in Thai civil society, women's organizations and NGOs needed to advocate the concepts of people's empowerment and participation. This paper focuses on the political role of women's organizations to expand the grassroots democracy for the purpose of political reform during the 1997 constitution-drafting process in Thailand.