태국 여성지위의 이중성: 불평등의 현실과 미래의 평등?
Dual Aspects of Thai Women's Status: Unequal Reality and Future Equality?
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the dual aspects of the status of Thai women from social, legal, and political perspectives. In Thailand, legal equality of women was obtained almost eighty years ago but unequal conditions still exist. In the social aspect, unequal women's status is the result of deep-rooted Thai tradition and customs since the Sukhothai dynasty. Specifically it is the Buddhist concept of women as well as the male-dominated state system under absolute monarchy that first justified and later fixed the unequal status of Thai women. Status of women, from the legal perspective, showed very clearly the dual aspects of equality and inequality. It confirms the distance from "law-in-book" to "law-in-action" in terms of Thai women's status and equality. Inequality of women in Thai society is most significantly observed in the political sphere. Its background factors include cultural, social, structural, and negative influence of long-standing authoritarian rule by the Thai military. Nevertheless, Thai women have continuously endeavored to improve their unequal political status. In summary, currently 'inequality' rather than 'equality' of Thai women's status strongly shows itself. At the same time, however, the direction is moving toward more equality although it is moving slowly. Three recommended proposals to achieve the equal status of Thai women are as follows: First, the most important and urgent one is to establish a mutual agreement among members of Thai society including male leaders regarding justification and necessity of gender equality. Second, the most effective tool to achieve the first proposal is an education that can change values and attitude of members of the society. Third, strategic unity among women's groups as well as all potential partners including male leaders who share visions toward equal status of women in Thailand.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the dual aspects of the status of Thai women from social, legal, and political perspectives. In Thailand, legal equality of women was obtained almost eighty years ago but unequal conditions still exist. In the social aspect, unequal women's status is the result of deep-rooted Thai tradition and customs since the Sukhothai dynasty. Specifically it is the Buddhist concept of women as well as the male-dominated state system under absolute monarchy that first justified and later fixed the unequal status of Thai women. Status of women, from the legal perspective, showed very clearly the dual aspects of equality and inequality. It confirms the distance from "law-in-book" to "law-in-action" in terms of Thai women's status and equality. Inequality of women in Thai society is most significantly observed in the political sphere. Its background factors include cultural, social, structural, and negative influence of long-standing authoritarian rule by the Thai military. Nevertheless, Thai women have continuously endeavored to improve their unequal political status. In summary, currently 'inequality' rather than 'equality' of Thai women's status strongly shows itself. At the same time, however, the direction is moving toward more equality although it is moving slowly. Three recommended proposals to achieve the equal status of Thai women are as follows: First, the most important and urgent one is to establish a mutual agreement among members of Thai society including male leaders regarding justification and necessity of gender equality. Second, the most effective tool to achieve the first proposal is an education that can change values and attitude of members of the society. Third, strategic unity among women's groups as well as all potential partners including male leaders who share visions toward equal status of women in Thailand.
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