Recent Advances in Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for On-Site Virus Detection
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The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals,thereby accelerating the demand for on-site virus detection technologies. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the“gold standard” for viral diagnostics, its dependence on bulky instrumentation, trained personnel, and lengthy processing times limitsits applicability in on-site and point-of-care testing (POCT) settings, where speed and simplicity are paramount. To overcome thesechallenges, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a promising alternative, enabling rapid nucleic acidamplification under isothermal conditions. However, conventional tube-based LAMP still involves manual operations such as reagentmixing and sample handling, which restrict its usability outside of laboratory environments. Consequently, the development of integratedLAMP platforms capable of performing sample preparation, amplification, and detection in a streamlined and automated manner,delivering rapid results, has become a critical goal for on-site virus detection. In this review, we highlight recent advances in onsiteLAMP-based virus detection platforms employing paper, microfluidics, and hydrogels. Furthermore, we discuss current technicallimitations, perspectives, and future directions, including automation, multiplexing, and machine learning (ML)-assisted readouts.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals,thereby accelerating the demand for on-site virus detection technologies. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the“gold standard” for viral diagnostics, its dependence on bulky instrumentation, trained personnel, and lengthy processing times limitsits applicability in on-site and point-of-care testing (POCT) settings, where speed and simplicity are paramount. To overcome thesechallenges, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a promising alternative, enabling rapid nucleic acidamplification under isothermal conditions. However, conventional tube-based LAMP still involves manual operations such as reagentmixing and sample handling, which restrict its usability outside of laboratory environments. Consequently, the development of integratedLAMP platforms capable of performing sample preparation, amplification, and detection in a streamlined and automated manner,delivering rapid results, has become a critical goal for on-site virus detection. In this review, we highlight recent advances in onsiteLAMP-based virus detection platforms employing paper, microfluidics, and hydrogels. Furthermore, we discuss current technicallimitations, perspectives, and future directions, including automation, multiplexing, and machine learning (ML)-assisted readouts.