Recent Advances and Challenges of Two-Dimensional MXene-based Chemoresistive Gas Sensors
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The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence has made chemical sensors crucial for applicationssuch as environmental monitoring, hazardous chemical detection in industry, smart farming, and medical diagnostics. Among varioussensor types, chemoresistive gas sensors are particularly well-suited for IoT integration due to their simple design, low manufacturingcost, and strong compatibility with electronic systems. However, conventional metal oxide-based sensors face limitations, requiringhigh operating temperatures and having rigid atomic structures, which restrict their use in emerging technologies like wearable andbiocompatible sensors. MXene, a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, has gained attentionfor its potential in sensing applications. This is due to its high electrical conductivity, ease of surface modification, mechanical flexibility,and large surface area. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in MXene synthesis and its role in chemoresistivegas sensing. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms that allow MXene to detect gases at room temperature. Furthermore, we examine strategies such as surface functionalization and the formation of heterostructures with nanocomposites toimprove the sensitivity and selectivity of MXene-based sensors for specific analytes, including NO2, NH3, and C2H5OH. Finally, wehighlight current challenges and suggest promising avenues for future research to develop practical, multifunctional MXene-basedgas sensors.
Abstract
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence has made chemical sensors crucial for applicationssuch as environmental monitoring, hazardous chemical detection in industry, smart farming, and medical diagnostics. Among varioussensor types, chemoresistive gas sensors are particularly well-suited for IoT integration due to their simple design, low manufacturingcost, and strong compatibility with electronic systems. However, conventional metal oxide-based sensors face limitations, requiringhigh operating temperatures and having rigid atomic structures, which restrict their use in emerging technologies like wearable andbiocompatible sensors. MXene, a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, has gained attentionfor its potential in sensing applications. This is due to its high electrical conductivity, ease of surface modification, mechanical flexibility,and large surface area. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in MXene synthesis and its role in chemoresistivegas sensing. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms that allow MXene to detect gases at room temperature. Furthermore, we examine strategies such as surface functionalization and the formation of heterostructures with nanocomposites toimprove the sensitivity and selectivity of MXene-based sensors for specific analytes, including NO2, NH3, and C2H5OH. Finally, wehighlight current challenges and suggest promising avenues for future research to develop practical, multifunctional MXene-basedgas sensors.