Experimental Assessment of a Three-Axis Magnetic Induction Sensor for Magnetic Field Communication
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A novel three-axis magnetic induction (MI) sensor is proposed as a receiving element for mid-to-long-range magneticfield communication in harsh environments, such as underwater and underground conditions. The sensor provides omni-directionalreception of transmitted signals without requiring orientation information of the transmitter, effectively overcoming the directionallimitations of single- or two-axis MI sensors. It achieves an equivalent magnetic noise spectral density (EMNSD) less than 0.5 pT/√Hz at 20 kHz, enabling the detection of weak magnetic fields for reliable communication. A communication test was conductedusing quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme in a laboratory setting to evaluate its feasibility. Experimental resultsconfirmed successful reception and demodulation of both textual and image data signals at 20 kHz, with a maximum data rate of12 kbps achieved for text transmission.
Abstract
A novel three-axis magnetic induction (MI) sensor is proposed as a receiving element for mid-to-long-range magneticfield communication in harsh environments, such as underwater and underground conditions. The sensor provides omni-directionalreception of transmitted signals without requiring orientation information of the transmitter, effectively overcoming the directionallimitations of single- or two-axis MI sensors. It achieves an equivalent magnetic noise spectral density (EMNSD) less than 0.5 pT/√Hz at 20 kHz, enabling the detection of weak magnetic fields for reliable communication. A communication test was conductedusing quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme in a laboratory setting to evaluate its feasibility. Experimental resultsconfirmed successful reception and demodulation of both textual and image data signals at 20 kHz, with a maximum data rate of12 kbps achieved for text transmission.