The Role of Two-Dimensional Materials in Optical Chemical Sensing
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are characterized by atomic-scale thickness and tunable electronic and opticalproperties, have emerged as promising components in optical chemical sensing technologies. Their large surface-to-volume ratio andunique photonic behaviors enable enhanced light–matter interactions, thereby significantly improving sensor sensitivity, selectivity,and stability. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the integration of 2D materials with key plasmonic sensingplatforms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR (LSPR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Challengesinherent to each sensing modality are discussed, alongside how 2D materials address these issues through heterostructure assembly,surface functionalization, and hybrid nanostructure design. Recent advances in scalable synthesis and fabrication methods, especiallysolution-based processing, offer promising routes to improve compatibility with diverse substrates and device architectures. We highlightsuch fabrication strategies as potential enablers for flexible, scalable, and multifunctional sensor designs, thereby suggestingpathways for the translation of 2D materials from laboratory studies into practical chemical sensing applications.
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are characterized by atomic-scale thickness and tunable electronic and opticalproperties, have emerged as promising components in optical chemical sensing technologies. Their large surface-to-volume ratio andunique photonic behaviors enable enhanced light–matter interactions, thereby significantly improving sensor sensitivity, selectivity,and stability. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the integration of 2D materials with key plasmonic sensingplatforms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR (LSPR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Challengesinherent to each sensing modality are discussed, alongside how 2D materials address these issues through heterostructure assembly,surface functionalization, and hybrid nanostructure design. Recent advances in scalable synthesis and fabrication methods, especiallysolution-based processing, offer promising routes to improve compatibility with diverse substrates and device architectures. We highlightsuch fabrication strategies as potential enablers for flexible, scalable, and multifunctional sensor designs, thereby suggestingpathways for the translation of 2D materials from laboratory studies into practical chemical sensing applications.