日本と韓國(第二共和國)の議員內閣制における內閣運營比較硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to contribute to effective administrative activities by comparing the operation of the Cabinet in the parliamentary system of the Japanese parliament and the second parliamentary system of the Republic of Korea. The parliamentary system is adopted by all European countries, except for Switzerland, France, and Finland, which are mixed governments. However, the parliamentary cabinet system is not so common when it comes out of Europe. Interestingly, there are no cases in the Third World that have shifted from the Presidential System to the Parliamentary System. The Japanese parliamentary system was established in 1885(Meiji 18), when the first cabinet was established by the Prime Minister, Lee To Hirobumi. Japan’s cabin operation can be said to have introduced the practice of the UK as a whole, including customs. In other words, there are many opinions that the parliamentary cabinet system of Japan adopts the superiority of the cabinet over the cabinet, and it is in the essence theory of ‘responsibility’ rather than the essence theory ‘equilibrium’. Korea already has experience of parliamentary system in its constitutional history. In other words, the parliamentary system in the second republic ended by the military revolution of 5.16 with the power struggle of Old party and New party in the Democratic Party despite the cooperation of President Lee Syung Man’s Liberal Party. However, with the exception of the second republic, Korea adopted the presidential system from the First Republic to the Fifth Republic, but all of them had a parliamentary system. That is the time when the expertise of the parliamentary cabinet system is needed in the operation of the cabinet in Korea. Korea has a slower party development than Japan. The introduction of the parliamentary system in Korea cannot exclude the possibility that the anxiety and confusion of the country can be caused by the characteristics of character centeredness, regionality, and shudderization. In addition, due to the overheating of ideological debates, it is difficult to reflect public opinion in elections. If this problem is not solved, the operation of the parliamentary system may be difficult. Therefore, the transparency of the nomination process as well as the maturation of civil power in the district should be ensured. The public is hoping for stable cabinet operation by avoiding regional confrontation and horizontal change of power. At least it seems to require much research and effort to reach the level of parliamentary system in Japan.