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공식적 사회통제가 비공식적 사회통제에 미치는 영향검증

Testing the Impact of Formal Social Control on Informal Social Control

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초록

이 연구의 목적은 경찰의 공식적인 사회통제가 지역사회의 비공식적 사회통제에 미치는 영향을 경험적으로 검증하는데 있다. 특히 이 연구에서는 공식적인 사회통제를 측정함에 있어 일반적으로 사용되었던 객관적인 경찰활동 자료에 의존하지 않고 지역 주민들의 경찰에 대한 인식을 사용하고자 하였다. 새로운 포괄적인 방식의 공식적 사회통제 측정도구의 유용성과 통계적 고려가 논의 되었다. 통계적 검증을 위해 미국 켄터키 주의 루이즈빌과 렉싱턴시에서 수집된 서베이 자료와 2000년도 미국 센스서 데이터 및 경찰자료를 사용하였다. 개인 단위와 집단 단위의 데이터가 동시에 사용된 이 연구에서는 다단계 선형 회귀분석모델을 사용하여 통계적 분석을 하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보자면, 경찰에 대한 인식은 기존 연구들의 주장과 달리 인구 사회학적 변인과 지역사회의 구조적인 특성이 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고 지역사회의 무질서와 경찰관에 의한 불법적 행위가 경찰에 대한 인식에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 공식적인 사회통제를 경찰에 대한 인식을 예측하는 모델에서 설명되지 않은 모수치로 측정하고자 하였고 이는 비공식적 사회통제를 통계적으로 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 비공식적 사회통제를 예측하는 다른 변수들로는 지역주민들 간의 이웃관계와 지역사회조직에의 참여가 정적인 관계를 나타낸 반면 지역사회의 무질서와 주거의 불안정이 부적인 영향력을 보여주었다. 한편, 개인의 연령, 은퇴, 실업이 비공식적 사회통제에 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 나타내었다.

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study is empirically examining the impact of formal social control on informal social control in communities. In particular, this study used a new measure of formal social control based on residents' perception of the police which has not been accepted in the previous studies generally using objective measures of police data. This new comprehensive way to measure formal social control has been discussed in order to demonstrate its practical advantages and statistical considerations. For the purpose of statistical testing, diverse data which were used - for example residents' survey from Louisville and Lexington in Kentucky, U.S, the Census data in 2000, and police crime data in 1999. In analytical examinations, Hierarchial Linear Regression Models were accepted since this study simultaneously used individual and community level data. Statistical results reveal that residents' perception of the police is not related to demographical characteristics of respondents and structural components of communities. Community disorder and police deviance tend to impact negatively on the perception of the police. Formal social control is measured by the residual values of the residents' perception of the police which are unexplained in the controlling model and formal social control shows statistically significant predictive effects on informal social control. Other variables determining the level of informal social control are the neighboring between neighbors and the participation in community organizations which have positively related to informal social control, while community disorder and residential instability show negative effects on informal social control. In addition, respondents' age, retirement, and employment status also show statistically significant relations with informal social control.

참고문헌 (40)

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