초복잡성 사회의 대학 이념과 교육과정
Towards a University Curriculum for a Supercomplex Society
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대학의 위기는 늘 존재해 왔으나, 현대 대학이 직면한 위기는 초복잡성 사회를 배경으로 한다는 점에서 이전의 위기와 다르다. 초복잡성 사회의 대학 이념은 이전과 다른 성격의 도전에 직면해 있으며, 이것은 대학 교육과정에 있어서도 변화를 예고하고 있다. 전통적으로 대학 교육과정과 관련된 논의는 자유교육 이념을 바탕으로 한 지식 중심 교육과정이 지배적이었다. 그러나 그것은 실제 삶의 맥락에 있어서 무기력하다는 비판을 받는다. 이런 문제를 극복하기 위해 효율성과 자유 경쟁 등을 강조하는 시장주의 이념을 바탕으로 한 시장 중심 교육과정이 제기된다. 그러나 시장 중심 교육과정은 교육을 수단화시킨다는 점에서 한계를 노정하고 있다. 불확싱성과 다양한 논쟁의 가능성에 열려 있는 초복잡성 사회에 적합한 교육과정은 지식 또는 시장 원리 어느 하나로 환원될 수 없다. 이 논문에서는 지식 중심 교육과정과 시장 중심 교육과정의 한계를 넘어 초복잡성 사회 맥락에 적합한 교육과정을 탐구하고, 그 대안 중 하나로 역량 중심 교육과정의 의미와 가능성을 검토한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore a university curriculum which is suitable for a supercomplex society. To this end, we critically examine the limits of a knowledge-oriented curriculum and a market-led curriculum which are dominant in a current university curriculum, explore characteristics of a university curriculum in a supercomplex era, and consider a competence-based curriculum as a candidate for a supercomplex society. A knowledge-oriented curriculum as a dominant idea of a university curriculum is based on a liberal education idea. It is purpose of a liberating human mind through the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. But it is inclined to overlook needs of actual life. In contrast, a market-led curriculum addresses that education should solve real-life problems through the pursuit of economical efficiency. However, it tends to disregard the intrinsic value to education. A knowledge-oriented curriculum and a market-led curriculum have a common limit in that they are not appropriate for a supercomplex society. A supercomplex society has four features: uncertainty, unpredictability, contestability, and challengeability. A curriculum for a supercomplex society should include a self. It entails that changing from knowledge to knowing and from technique to method. A curriculum for a supercomplex society should be flexible and open. A competence-based curriculum might relevant to a curriculum for a supercomplex society. Competence shares with features of supercomplex in terms of epistemology and empiricism. The idea of a university should be specified by establishing a university curriculum. They are complementary. In conclusion, Korean university should not only discuss an idea of a university, also prepare a university curriculum for a supercomplex society.
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