국내 범인식별절차의 현황과 시사점
Current status and implications of eyewitness identification procedures in South Korea
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초록
본 연구는 국내 범인식별절차의 현황을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 본연구에서는 기관통계, 선행 실태조사연구, 판결서 데이터베이스 등을 활용하여, 국내 수사 과정에서 범인식별절차가 어떻게 이루어지는지, 그리고 재판 과정에서는 범인식별절차의 결과가 증거로서 어떻게 활용되고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 먼저 수사 과정에서 범인식별절차가 결정적인 단서 역할을 하는 비율은 낮았지만, 일정 수준으로유지되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일선 경찰관의 범인식별절차 관련 실무를 파악한선행 실태조사를 살펴본 결과, 경찰관이 시행하는 범인식별절차는 대법원 판례나 경찰청의 세부지침과는 괴리가 있는 것으로 드러났다. 더욱이 수사 과정에서 대법원과경찰청의 권고를 만족시키지 못하는 범인식별절차가 시행됨에 따라, 재판 과정에서범인식별절차의 결과가 증거로서 적극적으로 활용되지 못하는 것으로 파악되었다. 한편 최근 CCTV의 설치 증가로 인해 CCTV의 기록영상이 목격자의 범인식별을대체할 가능성에 대해 살펴보았으며, CCTV 기록영상을 통한 범인식별절차의 정확성을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 국내 형사사법체계에서 범인식별절차의 적극적 활용을 위한 제언과 향후 방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the current status of eyewitness identification in the criminal justice system of South Korea. Based on the statistical yearbooks of police and prosecution, findings from previous surveys with police officers, and databases of legal cases, this study explores how eyewitness identification procedures are administered during an investigation and how they are used as evidence in criminal trials. As a result, although the rate at which eyewitness identifications play a decisive role in the investigation process was low, it has been maintained at a certain level. Results from previous surveys conducted with police officers reveal that there is a gap between eyewitness identification procedures administered by the police and either by the Supreme Court precedents or guidelines from the National Police Agency. Thus, the use of eyewitness identification procedures during an investigation is unlikely to satisfy recommendations by the Supreme Court and the National Police Agency, which makes eyewitness identification less admissible as evidence in a trial. Furthermore, considering the recent increase in CCTV installation, the current study investigated whether it is possible to replace eyewitness identification with human verification of criminal identity using CCTV recordings and the accuracy of such verification. Finally, this study discusses various suggestions and future directions for the active use of eyewitness identification as evidence in the criminal justice system.
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