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라인업 제시 방식과 동인종 편향이 목격자의 식별 정확도에 미치는 영향

The effects of lineup modes and own-race bias on eyewitnesses identification

이정원|김윤혜
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2023.11|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제14권 제3호|pp. 135-155

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참고문헌

키워드

라인업 제시 방식동인종 편향동시적 라인업순차적 라인업lineup presentation methodown-race biassimultaneous lineupsequential lineup

초록

본 연구는 국내의 참가자를 대상으로 라인업 제시 방식과 동인종 편향이 목격자의 식별 정확도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 참가자들이 동인종 편향을 보일 것이라는 가설과 동시적 라인업에서 높은 식별 정확도를 보일 것이라는 가설을 세운 후 이를 검증하였으며, 두 독립변인 간 상호작용에 대하여도 탐색적으로 연구하였다. 실험자극을 2(표적 인종: 동양인, 백인) × 2(라인업 내 표적 존재 여부: 표적 존재 라인업, 표적 부존재 라인업) × 2(라인업 유형: 순차적 라인업, 동시적 라인업)의 8개 조건으로 조작하여 8회의 라인업 식별 절차에 무선으로 할당하였으며 이후 결과를 로지스틱 회귀분석과 d’에 대한 G 통계 검정을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 유의미한 동인종 편향이 발견되었으나 동시적 라인업 우월효과는 발견되지 않았다. 또한 참가자들은 동시적 라인업에서는 유의미 한 동인종 편향을 보였으나 순차적 라인업에서는 유의미한 동인종 편향을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 동인종 편향이 국내의 참가자에게서 재현됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 선행 연구들과 달리 본 연구에서 동시적 라인업 우월효과가 나타나지 않은 것과, 순차적 라인업에서 동인종 편향이 발견되지 않은 이유에 대하여도 논하였다.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the lineup modes and own-race bias on the performance of Korean eyewitnesses. We hypothesized that participants would show own-race bias and that they would show higher discriminability in simultaneous lineups than sequential lineups. We also examined the interaction effects between the two independent variables. Participants completed 8 lineup trials, which were manipulated by a 2 (target race: Asian, white) × 2 (target presence, target absence line-up) × 2 (lineup mode: sequential lineup, simultaneous lineup) within-subject design. The results were then analyzed through logistic regression analyses and G statistics test for d'. As a result, the own-race bias was significant, but the simultaneous lineup superiority effect was not found. In addition, participants showed significant own-race bias in simultaneous lineups, but not in sequential lineups. The current study demonstrated that own-race bias was replicated for Korean participants. Finally, we discussed the reason why the current study failed to demonstrate the superiority effect of simultaneous lineups, and explained the implications of the interaction effect between lineup modes and the own-race bias.

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