菩薩十地의 成立에 관한 考察

Abstract

The present essay has investigated the origin and development of the establishment of Daśabhumi of Bodhisattva based on the Buddhist scripture and the period. It is said that the ultimate aim in Buddhism is the enlightenment. Therefore, the contents and process of the enlightenment are considered as the most significant in the history of Buddhist Thoughts. The Daśabhumi of Bodhisattva is the practical path for the enlightenment in which the 10 stages of the Bodhisattva are explained and systematized. Hence, the paper has been aimed at examining the theory of the Enlightenment through the systematic stages of the Daśabhumi of Bodhisattva and investigating the characteristic of the theory of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi focusing on the change and development in the aspect of the history of thoughts in which each theory of Daśabhumi of Bodhisattva had evolved. The names and contents of the Daśabhumi Theory is in detail described in the Mahāvastu and the theory of Daśabhumi in the Mahāvastu is considered as the origin of the Daśabhumi Theory. In the text, the stages as the first, the second and so on are enumerated by items and the conditions of failing to achieve the stages are also explained. The theory of Daśabhumi in the Mahāvastu describes the former life of the Buddha as the Bodhisattva by birth and comparing to the later theories of Bodhisattva, the contents of the Mahāvastu on the theory of Bodhisattva is quite simple. The crucial point of the theory of the Prajñā Daśabhumi is that the Mahāyāna Bodhisattva achieves the enlightenment through practising 6 Pāramitā based on the view of Prajñā śūnyatā, but there are shortcomings in the theory of Prajñā Daśabhumi as the path of the Mahāyāna Bodhisattva. The theory of Prajñā Daśabhumi does not have detailed explanation about the theory of Daśabhumi, the practices till the seventh stage base on the doctrines of the Sectarian Buddhism in the Hīnayāna, and it simply repeats the śūnyatā as non attachment on the universe. The ideals of Bodhisattva in the theory of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi is for magnificent vows and various practices of the Bodhisattva. The mature practices by the Bodhisattva is the significant characteristic of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi and the enlightenment of the Bodhisattva in the theory of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi is ultimately achieved by the mature pratices by the Bodhisattva. The theory of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi emphasizes on concrete practices by the Bodhisattva, while the theory of the Prajñā Daśabhumi represents the logic of Bodhisattva emphasizing on the theoretical principle of the śūnyatā. The mature practices by the Bodhisattva are finally systematizes through the 10 Pāramitā and it reveals the difference from the former theories of Daśabhumi. Through this development of the theories of Daśabhumi, the theory of the Avataṃsaka Daśabhumi is completed as the path for the Bodhisattva.