듀이의 다원적 실재론에 관한 연구: 비위계적 교사-학생 관계의 철학적 근거
A Study of Dewey’s Pluralistic Realism: Philosophical Basis of a Non-Hierarchical Teacher-Student Relationship
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본 연구의 목적은 듀이의 경험적 방법에 대한 체계적 분석에 기초하여 듀이의 실재론의 철학적 의의를 분명하게 드러내고 그 논의의 결과를 비위계적 교사-학생 관계의 이론적 근거로 제시하는 데에 있다. 제시된 목적에 도달하기 위한 본 연구의 내용과 방법은 다음과 같다. 우선 2절에서는 직접적 실재론과 간접적 실재론에 대한 비판적 검토가 시도된다. 실재 접근에 관한 대표적인 두 철학적 관점의 차이를 살펴보는 것은 듀이의 실재론의 철학적 의의를 밝히기 위한 선행 작업이 된다. 3절에서는 듀이의 경험적 방법과 실재 개념에 대한 체계적 분석이 시도된다. 경험 개념의 재구성 작업을 통해서 듀이는 직접적 실재론과 간접적 실재론의 논리적 모순을 극복하고 실재에 관한 독창적인 이론을 발전시킨다. 듀이에게 있어서 실재는 전적으로 경험에 근거하는 동시에 초월적 성격을 지닌 개별적인 존재(개체)로 특징지어진다. 마지막 4절에서는 듀이의 실재론에 관한 논의의 결과를 토대로 진리 개념의 재규정이 시도된다. 진리는 실재와 믿음의 일치가 아니라 의미의 기능적 가치임이 논증된다. 재규정된 진리 개념은 다원적 교육과정과 비위계적 교사-학생 관계를 정당화하는 이론적 근거로 제시된다.
Abstract
This study aims to show the philosophical significance of Dewey’s realism and to present the results of the discussion as a theoretical basis for a non-hierarchical teacher-student relationship based on a systematic analysis of Dewey’s empirical method. The contents and methods of the study are as follows. Section 2 attempts a critical review of direct and indirect realism. Examining the difference between these two representative philosophical perspectives on the procedural method for approaching reality is a prerequisite to clarifying the philosophical significance of Dewey’s realism. Section 3 systematically analyzes Dewey’s empirical method and concept of reality. By reconstructing the concept of experience, Dewey overcomes the logical contradictions between direct and indirect realism and develops an original theory of reality. For Dewey, reality is entirely based on experience and is understood as particulars with a transcendent character. Section 4 attempts to redefine the concept of truth based on Dewey’s theory of reality, arguing that truth is a functional value of meaning rather than an agreement of belief and reality. The redefined concept of truth is presented as a theoretical basis to justify a pluralistic curriculum and a non-hierarchical teacher-student relationship.
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