일본 근대불교의 사회진화론에 대한 두 시각 -이노우에 엔료와 키오자와 만시-

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to research the attitude of Buddhism in modern Japan toward Social Evolution through Inoue Enry and Kiozawa Mansi. They are the representatives of Buddhists in modern Japan. Inoue Enry and Kiozawa Mansi equally accepted Evolution, but the methods or aims were in striking contrast each other. Both of them brought up Evolutionary Buddhism, or Buddhistic Evolution in relation to Buddhism. Inoue Enry proposed the universial- Buddhistic Evolution through a compromise between Western Linear Evolution and Eastern Circulating System. He supported the national ideology of the meiji period using Buddhistic Evolution under the slogan of ‘Protecting nation and love for principles (護國愛理)’. On the other hand, Kiozawa aceepted Evolution into his Buddhistic Evolution theory completely. He didn't lose the Buddhistic sense of values respecting 'an individual' than 'a Nation'. He criticised Western Evolution and raised 'the Mental Evolution'. And he passed judgment on 'the survival of the fittest' of Social Evolution based on 'the theory of non-ego’(無我說) of Buddhism and ‘Sympathy for those who suffer’(慈悲) of 'the theory of the public society'(公共主義). In the end, Inoue Enry accepted Social Evolution through Buddhistic Evolution actively, and denied ‘the ideas of people's freedom and rights’, and offered the thought- base for National Ideology. Kiozawa proposed Buddhistic Evolution criticising Social Evolution, and give his approval to ‘the ideas of people's freedom and rights’, and criticised National Ideology founded on Buddhism. So their thoughts represents two views on the social evolution in Eastern Asia. But inspite of their differencies, Japanese Buddhism added Buddhistic Evolution theory which have helped it go forward enforcing National Ideology.