북한은 유튜브를 통해 무엇을 말하는가?: 주제 분석과 텍스트마이닝 기반 분석을 중심으로
What Does North Korea Say through YouTube?: Applying Thematic Analysis and Text Mining-based Analysis
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초록
이 연구는 김정은 시기에 등장한 유튜브에 주목해, 북한의 메시지를 구체화함으로써 대외선전의 의도와 목표를 도출하고자 했다. 북한의 대외선전이 단선적 커뮤니케이션 구조임을 고려할 때 메시지 분석은 콘텐츠를 통해 의도와 시각을 구체화하는 데에 적합하기 때문이다. 분석 방법론으로 주제 분석과 텍스트마이닝 기반 분석을 선정해 교차 검증을 진행했다. 분석결과, 북한 유튜브 콘텐츠는 문화, 산업, 자연이라는 대주제에서 당과 수령의 영도를 바탕으로 현대화되는 평양이 주요하게 나타난다. 즉 유튜브 표현 기반에 당/수령과 평양이 위치하는 것이다. 이를 통해 대외 청중의 인식 변화를 위한 메시지의 방식과 매개는 변화했으나, 그 기반에는 큰 변화가 없음을 알 수 있다. 텍스트마이닝 기반 분석에서도 ‘인민’에 대한 강조와 이를 영도하는 최고지도자가 반복되는데, 이와 같은 표현은 북한의 전통적 가치에 기반함을 암시한다. 종합하면 북한은 유튜브를 통해 자신의 우월성을 강조하려는 의도를 보이며, 이는 김정은 시기에 나타난 ‘우리 국가제일주의’에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 북한 유튜브에서의 ‘우리 국가제일주의’에 대한 강조 및 표현은 김정은 시기의 달성 목표와 일치하며, 현실과의 괴리에서 대외선전은 더욱 강조될 것이다.
Abstract
This research focused on YouTube, which appeared during the Kim Jong-Un period, and sought to derive propaganda’s intentions and goals by materializing North Korea’s message. Given that North Korea’s propaganda is a linear communication structure, message analysis is suitable for surfacing their intentions and perspectives through content. We chose thematic analysis and text mining-based analysis as analysis methodologies to proceed with cross-validation. The analysis shows that North Korea’s YouTube contents feature major themes of culture, industry, and nature. Pyongyang, which is modernized based on the leadership of Suryeong and the Workers’ Party of Korea, mainly appears in the same contents. In other words, the party/Suryeong and Pyongyang are locating on the YouTube expression base. It shows that the method and medium of messages for changing the perception of external audiences have changed, but there is no significant change in their foundation. Text mining-based analysis also emphasizes the “people” and “supreme leader” who leads them, suggesting that such expressions are basing on the traditional values of North Korea. To sum up, North Korea shows an intention to emphasize their superiority through YouTube, apparently due to the “Our State First” that emerged during the Kim Jong- Un period. The emphasis and expression of the “Our State First” on North Korea’s YouTube are consistent with the goals of Kim Jong-un’s achievement, and their propaganda will be further emphasized in the separation from reality.
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