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성인기 발달단계에 따른형제자매의 온정성과 갈등: 성별구성과 출생순위의 조절효과

Warmth and conflict among siblings in adulthood: moderating effects of sex constellation and birth order

지연경|임미혜
한국가족학회 (The Korean Family Studies Association)|2016.12|가족과 문화 (Family and Culture)|제28권 제4호|pp. 30-56|DOI 10.21478/family.28.4.201612.002

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참고문헌

키워드

갈등conflict형제자매관계adulthoodwarmthSiblingbirth order출생순위성별구성온정성성인 및 노년기sex constellation
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 성인기 형제자매 애착모델에 기반 하여 전 성인기의 발달단계에 따라 형제자매관계의 질에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고 형제자매관계의 질이 성별구성과 출생순위에 의해 조절되는지 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울과 경기도에 거주하는 20세에서 90세까지의 성인 1,012명으로 형제자매관계 질(온정성, 갈등)에 관한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 다변량분석(MANOVA)과 사후검정 결과, 발달단계(성인진입기, 초기, 중기, 후기)에 따라 형제자매관계 질에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 성인진입기의 온정성 수준이 성인중기와 후기보다높았으며, 갈등은 성인진입기에서 성인초기와 중기보다 높았고, 성인중기와 후기 사이에서는유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전 성인기에서 자매간의 온정성이 가장 높은 수준이었으며 형제와 남매는 그에 비해 낮은 수준의 온정성을 나타내었다. 갈등에 대한 성인기 발달단계와 성별구성(자매, 형제, 남매)의 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타났는데(p<.01) 성인진입기와 초기에 자매가 남매나 형제보다 높은 수준의 갈등을 나타내었으나 성인초기와 중기 사이에자매 간 갈등은 급격하게 감소되었고 성인후기에서는 형제보다 갈등이 낮게 나타났다. 형제자매의 온정성과 갈등에 대한 발달단계와 출생순위(첫째, 중간자, 막내)의 상호작용 효과는유의미하지 않았으며, 첫째, 중간자, 막내 중에서 중간자가 막내보다 높은 수준의 온정성을가진 것으로 나타났고, 중간자가 첫째보다 낮은 수준의 갈등을 지각하였다. 본 연구는 상대적으로 연구가 부족한 성인기 형제자매관계의 특성과 이에 관련이 있는 성별구성 및 출생순위의관계에 대한 정보를 제공하여 성인기 형제자매관계를 보다 깊이 이해하는데 그 의의가 있다

Abstract

Guided by adult modeling of sibling attachment theory, this study examined differences in sibling relationships (warmth, conflict) throughout adult developmental stages (emerging, early, middle, and late adulthood) and moderating effects by sex constellation (sisters, brothers, mixed-sex groups) and birth order (firstborn, middleborn, lastborn) on the sibling relationship differences. Data were collected from 1,012 adults aged 20-90 who completed a survey questionnaires with respect to sociodemographic backgrounds and sibling relationships in the greater Seoul area. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicated that warmth and conflict significantly differ by life stages in adulthood. Individuals in emerging adulthood showed highest levels of both warmth and conflict; and warmth and conflict declined from early to middle adulthood and then maintained through late adulthood. In the entire years, sisters reported higher levels warmth than brothers and mixed-sex siblings. Interaction effects of sibling sex constellation and life stages revealed that sisters’ higher conflict levels than those of other siblings decreased drastically from emerging adulthood to middle adulthood, and they experienced less conflict than brothers in late adulthood (p<.01). Also in whole adulthood, middleborns showed greater warmth and lower conflict compared to firstborns and lastborns. The present study provides empirical findings that can help bridge the knowledge gaps in research on sibling relationships considering the effects of sex constellation and birth order among adults of varying ages.

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