가정폭력 재개념화를 위한 비교연구: 시민의 권리인가? 가정에 대한 보호인가?
A Comparative Study for Reconceptualization of Domestic Violence: Civil Rights and Family Protection
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이 글은 1994년 미국 여성폭력방지법과 1997년 한국 가정폭력방지법 제정과정에서 가정폭력이 각기 어떠한 의미에서 국가개입이 필요한 공적문제로 구축되었는가를 비교분석한다. 두 사회는 모두 ‘여성에게 해로운 것은 사회에도 해롭다’라는 대전제하에 가정폭력을 공공 문제화하였다는 점에서 공통점을 보인다. 그러나 미국사회는 가정폭력이 초래하는 사회적 피해가 여성의 시민권리 침해의 문제임을 적시한 반면, 한국사회는 가정보호와 유지가 가정폭력에 국가가 개입해야 할 근본적인 이유임을 명시하였다. 가정폭력을 대하는 두 사회의 간극은 이처럼 법담론에 의한 가정폭력 의미구성에 기인함을 환기하며, 이 글은 가정폭력은 여성인권의 문제이자 성별 권력관계의 문제로 재개념화하는 것이 가정폭력 근절을 위한 근본대안임을 주장한다.
Abstract
This paper aims to comparatively explore the ways in which domestic violence has been constructed as a public and social issue in both U.S.A. and South Korea. Paying an attention to the origin and goals of congressional hearing for 1994 VAWA and 1997 Anti-DV legislation, the paper points out that it is important to understand the constructive character of domestic violence discourse through legislation in order to overcome backlash and garner political support. Under the framework of “harms to women are harms to society,” both societies attempted to conceptualize the issue of domestic violence as a legitimate public policy agenda. While the issue has been recognized as a matter of civil rights violation and gender discrimination in American society, Korean society articulated wife beating as a matter of preservation of family. With the growing recognition of the significance of the legal discourse attached to differing conceptualization of the problem and possible solution,this paper emphasizes the urgent need for reconceptualizing domestic violence as a matter of women's human rights and gender-based power relations in Korean society.
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