미취학 자녀를 둔 여성근로자의 직장-가정 적합성: 잠재프로파일분석을 통한 유형분류
Work-family Fit among Working Mothers with Preschooler: Classification Using Latent Profile Analysis(LPA)
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 미취학 자녀를 둔 여성근로자의 일가정양립을 위해 필요한 직장 및 가정 영역에서의 자원의 결합 형태에 따라 직장-가정 적합성의 차이를 살펴보는 데 있다. 기존연구에서 소홀히 다뤄졌던 저소득층을 포함하여 국공립어린이집에 다니는 미취학자녀를 둔여성근로자 376명을 대상으로 한다. 직장-가정 적합성을 구성하는 총 7개의 변수-직무안정성, 소득적절성, 직무통제, 가족친화적 조직문화, 양육통제, 가족의 정서적 지지, 가족의도구적 지지-를 투입하여 관찰대상 중심적 접근방법인 잠재프로파일분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 직장-가정 적합성이 가장 낮은 수준부터 최적의 수준까지 직장-가정 적합성을 보이는5개의 잠재유형이 확인되었고, 각 유형 집단별 구성원의 속성을 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로여성근로자의 일가정양립을 증진시키기 위한 일반적 방안과 집단별 차별적 접근 등 정책적제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to explore how working mother's cognitive assessments of work and family resources cluster together in patterned ways. Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was used to determine the underlying types of work-family fit, based on 7 dimensions, including job security, income adequacy, work control, family-friendly workplace culture, childcare control,emotional family support, and instrumental family support, Questionnaires were administered to 12 preschools in Seoul and Kyunggi areas, and the data was collected from 376 working mothers of preschoolers. The comprehensive socio-economic rage of working mothers were included in the sample. Using LPA, five distinct multivariate profiles of work-family fit were identified: poor fit(7.2%), low fit(45.2%), moderate fit(13.8%), good fit(16.0%), and optimal fit(17.8%). Based on the research findings, this study suggests practical implications for working mothers, including flexible work programs, family-supportive culture, childcare service in the community, husbands’ participation in childrearing and domestic duties. Also,political implications that might provide help to working mothers with poor resources, by work-family fit subgroups were discussed.
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