신고전학파 경제학의 변화와 한국학계의 수용 (1960~2006년)
Recent Shifts in the Paradigm of Neoclassical Economics (1960-2006):Their Implications for Korean Mainstream Economics
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초록
이 논문은 신고전학파의 최근 변화를 살펴보고, 이에 대한 한국학계의 수용 정도를 진단하는데 목표를 두고 있다. 일반균형에 의존하는 신고전학파의 특징은 이론에서 합리적 개인과 시장기구로, 방법론에서 개체주의와 반증주의로, 사회철학에서 자연 상태와 최소한의 정부로 규정된다. 최근 신고전학파는 선호나 기술 등 외생변수들을 내생화하고, 여타 학문의 대상들을 자신의 영역으로 흡수하고 있다. 무엇보다 행동경제학 등이 새로 생겨나 인간의 합리성과 이에 근거한 기대효용이론에 강한 의문을 제기하고 있다. 일반균형분석과 게임이론을 관통하는 기대효용이론과 달리 행동경제학은 인간의 행위에 있어 무의식적인 과정과 감성을 강조하고, 판단이나 의사결정이 준거점이나 문맥에 의존한다고 주장한다. 한국의 학계는 이런 변동을 별로 수용하지 못하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper purports to review recent breakthroughs in neoclassical economics and to examine whether they are properly accommodated into the Korean academia. General equilibrium system which, up to the seventies, had been the hardcore of neoclassical economics is characterized by: agents' rationality and price mechanism; methodological individualism and critical rationalism; doctrines of the state of nature and the minimal state. In recent decades, neoclassical economics turned around to endeavor to endogenize parameters such as preference or technology which used to be taken as exogenous. Moreover, expanding its domain, it has invaded into other disciplines. Most strikingly, behavioral economics which was born nearby the neoclassical tradition casts serious doubts on the expected utility model. This model which is based on the postulate of perfect rationality runs through general equilibrium analysis and game theory. Contrary to the claims of this model, behavioral economists put emphasis on the roles of automatic processes and affections in decision-making. More to the point, they argue that choices are sensitively dependent upon references and contexts. It is regrettable that Korean neoclassical economics lags so behind its American counterpart that almost none of the forementioned changes has been transmitted into the academia.
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