가정폭력 피해유형에 따른 도움요청 분석: 정신적 고통의 매개효과를 중심으로
Patterns of Domestic Violence Victimization and Help-seeking: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Psychological Suffering
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초록
가정폭력은 친밀한 관계에서 폭력을 사용하여 피해자를 통제하며 인권을 침해하는 사회적 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 가정폭력을 신체적, 정서적, 성적, 경제적 폭력으로 세분화하여 각각의 피해유형이 피해자의 도움요청 행위를 어떻게 예측하는지를 살펴보았으며, 이 과정에서 피해여성의 정신적 고통이 매개효과를 가지는지 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 가정폭력실태 조사 6차 자료를 활용하였으며, 만19-65세 유배우자 가정폭력 피해여성 371명이 최종분석에 포함되었다. 연령, 교육수준, 가계소득, 가구원수를 통제한 경로분석 모형을 통한 매개효과 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 가정폭력의 피해유형에 따라 피해여성의 도움요청 행위를 다르게 예측하고 있었는데, 폭력피해의 유형 중 신체적 폭력만이 도움요청행위를 직접적으로 예측하였다. 신체적, 정서적, 경제적 폭력은 정신적 고통을 정적으로 예측하였는데, 정신적 고통은 도움요청행위를 정적으로 예측하며 신체적 폭력과 정서적 폭력의 간접효과가 입증되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 가정폭력의 발생 시 상대적으로 가시적이며 입증이 용이한 신체적 폭력에 비해 다른 유형의 폭력피해는 피해여성조차 도움요청이 쉽지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 다양한 폭력피해 유형을 가정폭력으로 인지하고, 적극적인 사회적 개입이 가능하다는 사회적 분위기를 형성할 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examined whether each type of domestic violence(physical, emotional, sexual and economic violence) predicts help-seeking behaviors of survivors and psychological suffering mediates the association. The data from the Domestic Violence Survey in 2019 was used for a path analysis and total 371 women aged 19-65 were included in the final analysis. The result showed that physical, emotional and economic violence were positively associated with psychological suffering and it was significantly associated with help-seeking; however, only physical violence predicted help-seeking directly. That is, only physical violence has direct and indirect effects on survivor’s help-seeking, which means partial mediation. Based on the findings, the study finds out that women who suffered physical violence that was relatively visible and easily proven tended to seek help, and it suggests that various type of violence should be recognized as domestic violence.
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