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자녀의 결혼 유형에 영향을 미치는 부모의 사회경제적 자원 효과: 동질혼, 하향혼, 상향혼을 중심으로

The Effect of Parents’ Socioeconomic Resources on Assortative Marriage: Focusing on Homogamy, Hypogamy, Hypergamy

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참고문헌

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 결혼 유형(동질혼, 하향혼, 상향혼)에 영향을 미치는 부모의 사회경제적 자원 효과를 살펴봄으로써 귀속 자원이 결혼시장 양극화에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다. 구체적으로는부모의 경제력과 학력 수준이 자녀의 결혼 유형 각각에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 한국노동패널 1차년도(1998년)부터 20차년도(2017년)까지의 자료를 활용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 부모의 사회경제적 자원은 자녀의 결혼 유형에 영향을 미치고 특히여성보다는 남성의 결혼에 더 큰 효과가 있는 것으로 확인됐다. 하향혼, 동질혼, 상향혼 세 가지 결혼 유형에 영향을 미치는 부모 효과는 상대적으로 동질혼일 경우 적으나, 부모의 높은학력 수준은 남성의 동질혼에 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 확인됐다. 또한 부모의 높은 경제력은 남성의 하향혼에 긍정적인 효과가 있고, 부모의 높은 학력은 남성뿐만 아니라 여성의 하향혼에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 한편, 상향혼에 영향을 미치는 부모 효과는 남성에게서만 나타나, 부모의 높은 사회경제적 자원이 남성의 상향혼에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 확인됐다. 이 같은 결과는 한국 사회 남성들의 결혼 계층화 현상을 보여주는 것으로 무엇보다 본 연구는부모의 사회경제적 지위가 남성의 결혼에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 기존 논의에서 더 나아가, 그 긍정적인 영향이 실제로는 다양한 결혼 유형의 선택지 제공에 있다는 것을 보여줬다는점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

This study discusses the effect of attributive resources on the polarization of the marriage market by examining the effects of parental socioeconomic resources that affect assortative marriage (homogamy, hypogamy, hypergamy). To analyze the effects of parents’ economic power and educational attainment on assortative marriage, data from the 1st year (1998) to the 20th year (2017) of the KLIPS were used. According to the results of the analysis, it was confirmed that the socioeconomic resources of parents have effect on assortative marriage, and in particular, have a greater effect on marriages for men than for women. Among the three types of marriage: homogamy, hypogamy, hypergamy, the parental effect on homogamy was relatively small, but it was confirmed that the high level of parental educational attainment had a positive effect on homogamy of men. In addition, parents’ high economic level had a positive effect on the hypogamy of men, and the parents’ high educational background had a positive effect on the hypogamy of women as well as men. On the other hand, the parental effect on hypergamy only appeared in men, and it was confirmed that the high socioeconomic resources of parents had a positive effect on hypergamy of men. This result showed that how stratified the transition of marriage for men in Korea. Above all, this study is significant in that it goes beyond the previous discussion that the socioeconomic status of parents has a positive effect on men’s marriage, and reveals that the positive effect is actually in assortative marriage of men.

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