한국 사회의 교육적 동질혼: 시계열 추세 및 그 함의
Educational Homogamy in Korea: Recent Trends and Their Implications
2
조회
0
다운로드
15
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 1993년부터 2009년까지 접수된 혼인 신고서를 이용하여, 1990년대 초반 이래 한국사회에서 교육적 동질혼 경향이 어떻게 변화해 왔는지 살펴보았다. 그간 한국에서 수행되었던 대부분의 관련 연구들은 초혼에 기반을 둔 결혼 코호트를 구성하지 못함으로써 시계열 추세를 분석하는 데 일정한 한계를 가졌다. 그런데 본 연구는 초혼/재혼을 구별하고 출생 연도가 아닌 결혼 연도를 이용해 결혼 코호트를 구성함으로써 선행연구들의 제한점을 극복하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 활용 가능한 최신 자료를 사용함으로써, 역동적인 한국 사회에서 교육적 동질혼이 최근에 어떤 양상으로 진행되고 있는지를 시의성 있게 보여주고 있다. 분석 결과, 1993년부터 2007년 사이에 부부 간 학력의 연관성이 지속적으로 완화되어 왔음이 밝혀졌다. 교육적 동질혼의 약화 추세는 1990년대에 보다 뚜렷하고, 2000년대에 들어서면서 다소 완화된다. 이처럼 예상과 달리 근자에 교육적 동질혼 경향이 약화되고 있는 현상의 배경은 후속 연구를 통해 좀 더 엄밀하게 구명될 필요가 있지만, 다양한 근대화의 과정, 교육팽창에 따른 여성 교육기회의 신장, 학력 가치의 하락 등이 일정 정도 기여를 했으리라 짐작된다. 한국 사회에서 나타나고 있는 교육적 동질혼의 약화는 귀속적 지위를 중심으로 한 동질혼의 강화를 수반하고 있을 개연성이 크기 때문에 사회 전반의 개방성 증대로 해석하기에는 무리가 있다.
Abstract
Drawing on marriage registration data, this study examines temporal trends from 1993 to 2007 in educational homogamy in South Korea. Most previous studies of educational homogamy in South Korea did not compare cohorts based upon years of first marriage but only birth-year cohorts, which is a significant limitation in exploring temporal trends. The current study overcomes this limitation by investigating trends in educational homogamy on the basis of first-marriage couples classified according to their marriage years. More importantly, this research covers the period (1993-2007) of rapid changes in Korean society, providing most updated analysis of educational homogamy. Applying log-linear and log-multiplicative models, the study finds a rapid decline during the 1990s followed by a much slow decline during the 2000s in the strength of association between spouses' educational attainment, which is in part likely attributable to modernization, the increased opportunity of higher education for women due to educational expansion, and the decrease in economic return to professional jobs. The continued decline in educational homogamy is in sharpe contrast to the expectation that increased economic inequality and other social changes during the period should have strengthened the degree of educational homogamy, requiring further systematic research. However, it is important to note that the decline in educational homogamy does not necessarily mean the growing openness of Korean society because declining educational homogamy might have occurred simultaneously with the growing impact of family background on marriage.
참고문헌 (47)
- 김경근, "한국 여성의 노동시장 행태 분석: 교육의 역할을 중심으로", 교육사회학연구, 1(2), pp.93~110 (1991)
- 김경근, "경제의 교육발전에 대한 기여와 전망", 교육재정경제학연구, 6(1), pp.115~148 (1997)
- 김경근, "한국에서의 교육수요 결정의 사회적 기제", 교육사회학연구, 8(2), pp.1~32 (1998)
- 김경근, "한국사회 교육격차의 실태 및 결정요인", 교육사회학연구, 15(3), pp.1~27 (2005), 한국교육사회학회
- 동아일보, "이런 배우자를 원해요", 3~ (2005)
- 박경숙, "한국 여성의 교육수준별 결혼 유형의 변화", 석사, pp.1993
- 이명진, "한국사회의 선택혼: 시기별 추이와 국제비교", 한국사회학, 34, pp.297~323 (2000)
- 이명진, "교육수준별 혼인표의 비대칭성으로 살펴본 남녀불평등지수", 한국인구학, 25(1), pp.33~50 (2002), 한국인구학회
- 이환석, "여성의 교육수준 향상과 교육 동질혼의 변화추세에 관한 연구", 석사, pp.1992
- 장상수, "한국 사회의 교육수준별 혼인 유형과 그 변화", 한국사회학, 33(2), pp.417~448 (1999)
- "개룡남은 싫어요"[URL]
- 차종천, "서울 시민의 배우자 선택 유형의 사회 계층적 의미", 사회와 역사, 20, pp.186~206 (1990)
- Blau, P, "The American occupational structure" (2003), Wiley and Sons
- Blossfeld, H, "Who marries whom? Educational systems as marriage markets inmodern societies" (2003), Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Chang,S, "Marriage mobility: Patterns and trends in marriage by educational levels" (2001), Seoul National University Press
- Fernandez, R, "Sorting and long-run inequality", Quarterly Journal ofEconomics, 16, pp.1305~1341 (2001)
- Gelissen,J, "Assortative mating after divorce: A test of two competing hypotheses usingmarginal models", Social Science Research, 33(3), pp.361~384 (2004)
- Haller,M, "Marriage, women, and social stratification: A theoretical critique", American Journalof Sociology, 86, pp.766~795 (1981)
- Hendrickx,J, "The analysis of religious assortative mating: An application of design techniquesfor categorical models", 박사, pp.1994
- Hout,M, "Mobility Tables" (1983), Sage
- Hout,M, "The Association between husbands' and wives' occupations in two-earner families", American Journal of Sociology, 88, pp.397~409 (1982)
- Kalmijn,M, "Shifting boundaries: Trends in religious and educational homogamy", AmericanSociological Review, 56, pp.786~800 (1991)
- Kalmijn,M, "Intermarriage and homogamy: causes, patterns and trends", Annual Review ofSociology, 24, pp.395~421 (1998)
- "Intergenerational effects of shifts in women's educational distribution inSouth Korea: Transmission, differential fertility, and assortative mating"[URL]
- 이명진, "Temporal Variation in the Strength of Educational Assortative Marriage in Korea: A Birth Cohort Analysis of the 2000 Korea Census", Development and Society, 39(1), pp.163~185 (2010), 사회발전연구소
- Lee,S, "Women's education, work, and marriage in South Korea" (2001), Stanford University Press
- Mare,R.D, "Five decades of educational assortative mating", American Sociological Review, 56, pp.15~32 (1991)
- Mare. R.D, "Educational assortative mating and the family background ofthe Next Generation: A Formal analysis", Riron to Hoho(Sociological Theory and Methods), 21, pp.253~277 (2006)
- Myrdal,G, "An American dilemma: The negro problem and modern democracy" (1944), Harper & Row Publishers
- Oppenheimer,V.K, "A theory of marriage timing", American Journal of Sociology, 94(3), pp.563~591 (1988)
- Oppenheimer,V.K, "Women's rising employment and the future of the family in industrialsocieties", Population and Development Review, 20(2), pp.293~342 (1994)
- Divorce in Korea: Trends and educational differentials, "Park, H", ~ (2011)
- 박현준, "Educational Assortative Mating in South Korea: Trends 1930-1998", Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 23(0), pp.103~127 (2005), JAI Press
- Park,M, "Patterns and trends of educational mating in Korea", Korea Journal of Populationaland Development, 20, pp.1~15 (1990)
- Raftery,A.E, "Bayesian model selection in social research", Sociological Methodology, 25, pp.111~163 (1995)
- Raymo, "Temporal and regional variation in the strength of educational homogamy", American Sociological Review, 65, pp.773~781 (2000)
- Satoshi,M, "Educational homogamy in contemporary Japan", Social Science Japan, 33, pp.9~11 (2005)
- Schoen, R, "Marriage choices in North Carolina and Virginia, 1969-71 and1979-81", Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp.465~481 (1989)
- Schwartz, C, "Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940-2003", Demography, 42(4), pp.621~646 (2005)
- Smits,J, "Social closure among the higher educated: Trends in educational homogamy in 55countries", Social Science Research, 32, pp.251~277 (2003)
- 박현준, "Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating in 10 East Asian Societies", SOCIAL FORCES, 88(1), pp.227~255, UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
- Smits, J., "Educational homogamy in 65 countries: An explanation ofdifferences in openness using country-level explanatory variables", American SociologicalReview, 63, pp.264~285 (1998)
- Treiman,D.J, "Industrialization and social stratification", Sociological Inquiry, 40(2), pp.207~234 (1970)
- Ultee, W.C, "Educational homogamy and father-to-son occupational mobility in23 industrial nations", European Sociological Review, 6, pp.125~149 (1990)
- Uunk,W, "Who marries whom? The role of social origin, education and high culture in mateselection of industrial socieites during the twentieth century", 박사, pp.1996
- Vermunt,J.K, "LEM 1.0: A general program for the analysis of categorical data" (1997), Tilburg University
- Xie,Y, "The log-multiplicative layer effect model for comparing mobility tables", AmericanSociological Review, 57, pp.380~395 (1992)