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경제성장의 근본요인은 무엇인가?: 제도, 지리, 인종적 설명에 관한 문헌연구

What are Fundamental Causes of Economic Growth?: A Review of Institutions, Geography and Genes

이강국
한국사회경제학회 (Korean Association for Political Economy)|2013.10|사회경제평론 (The Review of Social & Economic Studies)|제42호|pp. 177-205|DOI 10.17964/rses.2013..42.177

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참고문헌

키워드

제도유전자geneeconomic growth경제성장지리geographyinstitutions
주제분류경제학

초록

최근 경제학계에서는 경제성장의 근본요인에 관한 실증연구들이 발전되고 있고, 이를 둘러싼 논쟁이 진행되고 있다. 이 논문은 제도, 지리, 유전자 등을 성장의 요인으로 제시하는 주요한 연구들을 소개하고 이들의 한계에 대해 비판적으로 분석한다. 제도주의자들은 사적재산권을 보호하는 제도가 경제성장에 가장 중요하다고 주장하며 식민지의 서로 다른 역사를 강조한다. 한편 다른 학자들은 지리적 요인이 질병이나 농업혁명의 오랜 역사를 통해 경제성장을 큰 영향을 미쳤다고 주장하며, 최근에는 유전자와 인종에 초점을 맞추는 새로운 연구들도 발전되고 있다. 그러나 이들 모두는 경제성장의 복잡한 동학을 설명하기에는 한계가 있다. 특히 각 요인이 성장에 영향을 미치는 역사적인 인과관계에 관한 연구들이 더욱 발전되어야 할 것이다.

Abstract

Economists have recently developed empirical studies about fundamental causes of economic growth and related debates. This paper introduces major studies that present institutions, geography and gene as fundamental causes, and critically examines their limitations. Institutionalists argue that institutions to protect private property rights are the most essential to economic growth by emphasizing differential colonial history. However, other economists posit that geographical factors have affected economic growth via disease or history of the agricultural revolution. New studies to focus on gene and ethnic groups are being developed. But all of these have limitations in explaining complex dynamics of economic growth. In particular, they need to develop studies on causal relationships between these factors and economic growth in history.

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