체제적 보편자로서의 추상노동-네오리카디언과 가치형태분석을 넘어
Abstract Labour as the Systemic Universal, Beyond the Neo-Ricardian and the Value-Form Analysis
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Marx는 ≪자본론≫에서 추상노동 개념을 인간적인 에너지 일반의 지출이라는, ‘생리적’이고 초역사적인 개념이라는 혐의를 불러일으키는 방식으로간단히 처리하였다. 가치실체의 <발생론>을 본고는 초기 역사이론으로서의사적유물론과 후기 ≪자본론≫의 자본주의 해부학 간에 연결고리를 찾음으로써 해결하려고 했다. 즉 근대생산력의 특질, 즉 노동의 <주도성>, <평등성>, <전면적 상호의존성>로부터 자본주의 생산관계를 도출하는 작업을 수행한 후 추상노동이 자본주의의 체제적 보편이 되는 근거를 확립한다. 이를근거로 네오리카디언의 표준모델과 가치형태론을 비판했다. 최근 Kicillof &Starosta의 연구, Murray의 연구가 물성으로서의 추상노동 개념을 다시 복구하려고 했지만 근대생산력의 핵심적 특질을 발견하지 못하고 실패했음을 밝혔다.
Abstract
It is certainly true that Marx’s renditon of abstract labour is too brief, definedas the expenditure of human energy in general which is suspected to be aphysiological and ahistorical one, and to be the same as that of Ricardo’s‘embodied labour’. This paper tries to establish the genesis of abstract labour asa systemic universal by finding the missing link between the specificity of themodern industrial productive power, that is, ①the primacy of human labour inthe production process, ②equality of each and every labour, ③their universalinterdependence and capitalist relations of production(especially private property,market, commodification of labour power). Based on this, the Neo-Ricardian andthe form-analysis are respectively rejected as the proper formulations and/oradequate foundations of Marxian political economy. Two recent theoreticalattempts at rediscovering the specific materiality in Marx’s original concept ofabstract labour are assessed and found to have failed in this.
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