주류 미시경제학 비판: 가치, 분배, 자원
A Critique of Mainstream Microeconomics: Value, Distribution and Capital
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이 논문은 주류 미시경제학에서 가장 기본적인 개념들과 분석방식 및 그 결과를 비판적으로 논한다. 우선 주류 경제학의 모든 각론을 관통하는 기본적 이론 구조를 밝힌다. 그 구조는 세 가지의 근본적 여건인 소비자 선호, 부존자원, 생산기술로 구성되어 있다. 다음에는 부존자원을 구성하는 토지, 노동, 자본의 고유한 특성을 밝히고, 그 각각에 상응하는 지대율, 임금률, 이윤율의 결정 방식에 대해 주류 경제학과 고전학파 경제학의 대조적인 접근법을 논한다. 이 두 접근법에서 ‘자본량’이 어떻게 측정되고 분석적 역할을 하는가에대한 논의가 뒤따른다. 이런 논의의 자연스런 한 면모로 1960-70년대의 자본논쟁이 소개된다. 스라파는 주류 경제학의 가치-분배 이론에 대한 비판, 그리고 고전학파의 현대적 재구성 작업에서 중추를 차지한다. 이 논문은 그런 작업의 출발점을 1920년대에 스라파가 마셜 경제학에 대해 가한 비판에서 찾는다
Abstract
The present paper critically discusses the fundamental concepts and methods of analysis, and their results, that mainstream microeconomics universally adopts. First, it is claimed that there exists the fundamental theoretical structure that permeates through all individual theories of mainstream economics. That structure is buttressed by three fundamental data, i.e., consumers’ preferences, the endowment of resources, and the productive technology. Then the paper clarifies the unique properties of the three components of the endowment of resources—land, labour and capital —and their corresponding rates of return—rent, wage rate and rate of profits.The different approaches of mainstream economics and of the Classical economics are contrasted. Following is the discussion of the ‘quantity of capital’—how it is measured and what role it plays in the respective approaches. The natural follower of this discussion is the Capital Controversies of the 1960s-1970s. Piero Sraffa plays a central role in the critique of the value and distribution theories of mainstream economics and in the modern reconstruction of the Classical approach. The paper traces the origin of Sraffa’s endeavours to his 1920s critique of Marshall’s economics.
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