인지행동치료 및 니코틴대체요법 중심의 금연 중재의 효과와 금연 성공요인
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Centered Smoking Intervention and Abstention Factors
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초록
본 연구에서는 직장인을 대상으로 한 인지행동치료 중심의 금연 중재와 니코틴대체요법 중심의 금연 중재의 효과를 비교하고 금연 성공과 관련된 요인을 탐색하려고 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 마포구 보건소에서 기획한 직장인 금연 프로그램에 참여한 123명의 성인 남성이었는데, 이들의 평균 연령은 35.15(SD=6.62)세 이었다. 인지행동치료(CBT)와 니코틴대체요법(NRT) 중심의 두 가지 금연 중재 방법으로 구분된 직장인 금연 프로그램은 3개월 동안 실시되었는데 6개월까지 금연을 유지하였는지를 점검하여 효과를 검증하였다. 흡연관련 변인과 니코틴 의존도, 흡연유형, 금연동기, 금연효능감, 일반적 자기효능감, 금연 시작 전 1개월간 스트레스, 금연초기 신체증상, 음주, 건강지각, 자아존중감, 주관안녕 등을 측정하여 금연 성공과 관련된 요인들을 분석하였다. 총 123명의 참여자들 중에 56명(45.5%)이 6개월 동안 금연에 성공하였는데, 니코틴대체요법 중심의 도움을 받은 사람들 중에 36.8%가 금연에 성공한데 반해 인지행동치료 중심의 도움을 받은 참여자 중에는 53.0%가 6개월간 금연에 성공하였다. 분석 결과, 금연에 성공한 사람들이 실패한 사람들보다 평소 흡연량이 적었고, 니코틴에 덜 의존되어 있었으며, 손이 심심해 흡연하는 경향이 있고, 충동에 의해 흡연하는 경향은 덜 했다. 금연에 성공한 사람들은 역동적인 금연동기가 강했으며, 금연효능감이 강한 반면 금연초기 신체증상을 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 금연 중재를 통한 건강증진정책의 기본방향을 세우는데 도움을 줄 것이다.
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effect of CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) and NRT (nicotine replacement therapy) centered intervention for smoking cessation, and investigate the abstention factors. Participants were 123 male smokers, employees of Deawoo Electronics and Iljin Electric whose mean age was 35.15 (SD=6.62), who participated in smoking cessation program brought by Mapo-Gu community health center. Both CBT and NRT centered smoking interventions performed for 3 months and followed them for 6 months to identify participants' abstention. To analyse the abstention factors, smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, smoking types, motivation to quit smoking, efficacy for quitting smoking, general self-efficacy, stress, physical symptoms experienced first 5 weeks after quitting, drinking habits, perceived health, self-esteem, and subjective well-being were measured. Fifty six (45.5%) out of a hundred twenty three had successfully abstained for 6 months. While 53.0% of smokers who received CBT centered smoking intervention abstained for 6 months, 36.8% of smokers who received NRT centered intervention abstained. Results revealed that people who abstained for 6 months had smoked little amount of cigarettes and showed lower level of nicotine dependence than those who failed to abstain. People who failed to abstain were less likely to control their impulse to smoke in daily life before trying to quit smoke, while people who abstained for 6 months showed dynamic motivation and efficacy to quit smoking and experienced more physical symptoms at first 5 weeks after quitting. These findings might contribute to establish the policy for the health promotion through smoking cessation.
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