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노인환자 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스원, 강인성 및 자아탄력성과 스트레스 반응

Job Stressors, Hardiness, Ego-Resilience, and Stress Responses among Geriatric Caregivers

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주제분류심리과학

초록

급속하게 한국사회가 고령화되고 있는 시점에서 연구자들은 노인 병원 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스원, 강인성 및 자아탄력성이 스트레스 반응과 어떻게 관계하는지를 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 노인전문병원에서 요양보호사로 종사하고 있는 204명의 여성이었으며, 이들의 연령 분포는 만 35세에서 65세 사이였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 Karasek의 직무만족검사, Batone 의 단축형 강인성척도, CPI의 자아탄력성 문항 및 스트레스반응척도이다. 분석 결과, 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스로는 직무의 단조로움이나 직무결정 부재 대신에 직무의 복잡함과 직무결정 부담으로 나타났다. 그리고 직무 스트레스원 하위변인 중 직무의 복잡함만 스트레스 반응과 정적상관이 있었다. 요양보호사의 강인성은 스트레스 반응과 관계가 있었으나 직무 스트레스원과 스트레스 반응의 관계에서 조절변인 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 자아탄력성은 강인성에 비해스트레스 반응과 더 많은 부분을 공변하고 있었으며, 위계적 회귀분석에서 직무 스트레스원과 스트레스 반응 간의 관계에서 조절효과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 노인환자 요양보호사의 스트레스반응으로 나타날 수 있는 직무 스트레스원과 개인적 변인으로서의 강인성과 자아탄력성의 역할에관해 선행연구들을 바탕으로 논의하였다.

Abstract

As becoming an ageing society promptly, researchers investigated how job stressors,hardiness, and self-resilience are related to stress responses of professional geriatric caregivers. The participants were 204 geriatric caregivers who were employed at a geriatric hospital, whose ages ranged from 35 to 65. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, Bartone's Hardiness Scale:Short-Form, ego resilience items from CPI, and Stress Response Inventory. Results indicated that job complexity and burden of decision latitude rather than job simplicity and lack of decision latitude were included as the factor of job stressors for geriatric caregivers. Only job complexity among the job stressor sub-variables was related to stress responses. Hardiness of caregivers was related with stress, but competence, its sub-variable, did not show this kind relationship. And, moderating effect of hardiness on job stressors and stress responses was not found. Compared with hardiness, ego-resilience accounted more variance of stress responses, it plays the role of moderator in the relation of the job stressor and stress in hierarchical regression analysis. It was discussed the role of job stressors, hardiness, and ego-resilience in stress responses with previous studies.

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