목표중심 자기조절 척도의 개발 및 타당화
Development and Validation of The Goal-focused Self-Regulation Scale(GF-SRS)
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최근 알코올이나 니코틴 등의 약물에 대한 의존에서 충동 및 강박 소비에 이르기까지 다양한 중독행동뿐만 아니라 주요우울장애, 불안장애 등 정서장애의 주요 예측변인으로서 자기조절(self-regulation)에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자기조절을 목표 지향 및 실행, 정서조절, 긍정적 사고를 포함하는 광의의 개념으로 정의하고 목표중심 자기조절 척도(Goal-Focused Self-Regulation Scale: GF-SRS)를 개발해 대학생 및 일반인 표본에서 교차 타당화하고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 연구자의 자기조절에 대한 조작적 정의에 기초해 GF-SRS의 예비문항을 선정하고대학생 표본에서 수집된 자료에 대해 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 13문항의 GF-SRS가 목표지향, 긍정적 사고, 정서조절, 목표실행 등 4요인으로 구성되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 내적 합치도가전체 문항은 .85, 목표지향은 .83, 긍정적 사고는 .88, 정서조절은 .85, 목표실행은 .76으로 대체로 양호한 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 또한 자기통제력, 집행기능과는 수렴되었고, 정서억제 및 사회적 바람직성과는 변별되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 대학생 및 일반인 성인 남녀 표본에서 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 다른 모형에 비해 GF-SRS의 4요인 모형의 적합도가 가장 우수하였다. 아울러정신건강을 종속변수로 설정하고 GF-SRS의 준거관련 타당도를 확인한 결과, 우울을 통제하고도22%의 추가적인 설명량을 나타냈으며, 3가지 정신건강 하위 요인에 대해서도 유의한 추가적인 설명량을 보였다. 끝으로 GF-SRS의 제한점과 임상적 유용성에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in self-regulation as a major predictive factor of addictive behaviors, including alcohol use problems, smoking, impulsive and compulsive buying, and mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Responding to this interest and need, we created the Goal-Focused Self-Regulation Scale (GF-SRS), a self-report instrument. For the purpose of this study, self-regulation was defined broadly, incorporating concepts of goal orientation and the implementation thereof, emotion regulation, and positive thinking. A cross-validation study was conducted on the GF-SRS using university students and non-clinical samples. In the study 1, preliminary questions were selected based on the operational definition of self-regulation followed by an exploratory factor analysis, which was conducted on a sample of university students. The results confirmed four underlying factors of the 13-item GF-SRS: goal orientation, goal implementation, positive thinking, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, the results generally showed internal consistency, ranging from .76 to .88. Self-regulation was observed to converge with self-control and executive functioning and diverge from emotional suppression and social desirability. In study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 275 university students and 272 adults. According to the results, the four-factor model of the GF-SRS had the best fit compared to other competing models. A criterion-related validation study was also conducted to evaluate the incremental validity of self-regulation. Self-regulation demonstrated a 22% overall incremental relationship with mental health after controlling for depression. Lastly, the study discusses the clinical utility and limitations of the GF-SRS.
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