한국판 감정표현불능증 척도(TAS-20K)를 이용한 청년과 중장년 세대 간 감정표현불능 수준의 비교
A comparison of the levels of alexithymia between young and the middle aged adults using TAS-20K
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초록
감정표현불능증은 자신의 정서를 인식하고 언어로 기술하는 것의 어려움을 나타내는 개념이다. 감정표현불능증은 개인적, 문화적 특성 모두의 영향을 받을 수 있으며 나이는 이러한 두 가지 특성을 모두 대표할 수 있다. 짧은 시간 동안 급격한 변화를 겪은 한국 사회의 세대 간 사회문화적 배경의 차이를 고려한다면, 세대 간 감정표현불능 수준의 차이를 예상할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 한국판 감정표현불능증척도(TAS-20K)와 심리측정모형을 사용하여 한국인 청년 집단(20-30대)과 중장년 집단(50-60대) 간 감정표현불능 수준의 차이를 확인하였다. 두 연령집단 간 비교가 타당하기 위해서는 TAS-20K가 두 집단에서 동일한 구성개념을 측정하여야 한다. 이를 확인하기 위해 다집단 요인분석과 정렬법을 사용하여 두 집단 간 측정불변성을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 두 집단 모두 감정을 인식하고 기술하는 것의 어려움을 대표하는 DIDF(Difficulty in Identifying Describing Feeling)요인과 외부지향적 사고를 대표하는 EOT(Externally-Oriented Thinking)요인으로 구성된 2요인 구조가 확인되었다. 측정불변성 검증에서 요인부하량 동등성은 만족되었으나 절편 동등성이 만족되지 않았다. 정렬법을 통한 근사 측정불변성 하에서 청년 집단의 DIDF요인이 중장년 집단보다 유의하게 높았다. 이러한 결과는 인지적 성숙과 같은 개인적 특성의 영향일 가능성이 있다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 TAS-20K가 청년 집단과 중장년 집단에서 유사한 구성개념을 측정하지만, 일부 문항의 수정이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Alexithymia conceptualizes difficulty in identifying and expressing emotion. The level of alexithymia can be affected by both personal characteristics and cultural background, and age is related to both domains of the factors. Considering different sociocultural backgrounds between generations due to radical changes in Korean society has gone through during a relatively short period of time, it is expected to find differences in the level of alexithymia between generations. This study, using a psychometric model, compared the levels of alexithymia, measured by the Korean version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20K), between groups of young (20-30s) and middle-aged (50-60s) adults. For a valid comparison, TAS-20K should measure the same construct in the two groups, so we checked measurement invariance between the groups with the multi-group factor analytic model and alignment method. Our results show that 2-factor models consisted of difficulty identifying and expressing emotion (DIDF) and externally-oriented thinking (EOT) in both groups. The invariance was satisfied for the factor loadings but not for the intercepts between the groups. Under approximate invariance, the young adult group showed a significantly higher level of DIDF. This can be a result of both cognitive maturation and the change in value system. In addition, the results showed that TAS-20K measures similar construct in both age groups but still requires a revision for some items.
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